1- Tafsir-ul-Burhan, Safi, Nur-uth-Thaqalayn, Majma'-ul-Bayan

they do not take to themselves the colour of eternality by being on the path of Allah, they are much invalid.

In this holy verse, in fact, two parts of the most important capitals of this world have been referred to, the rest of which are some dependants to these two. These two parts are the economical ability and human ability.

Then, it adds:

" …and the everlasting good works are better with your Lord in reward and better in expectation. "

The concept of the phrase 'the everlasting good works' is so vast that it envelops any thought, idea, speech, and deed which is righteous and praiseworthy. And, naturally, this effort remains and its effects and favours reach the members of societies, such as science, industry, good children, the buildings of a mosque, hospital, and school, and also religious and useful publications like: the commentary of the Qur'an, the traditions of Ahl-ul-Bayt (a.s.), and so on.

* * * * * *

47- وَيَوْمَ نُسَيّـِرُ الْجِبَالَ وَتَرَى الاَرْضَ بَارِزَةً وَحَشَرْنَاهُمْ فَلَمْ نُغَادِرْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَداً

48- وَعُرِضُوا عَلَى رَبّـِكَ صَفّاً لَّقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا كَمَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ بَلْ زَعَمْتُمْ أَلَّن نَجْعَلَ لَكُم مَوْعِداً

47."And (remember)the day We shall set the mountains in motion, and you will see the earth a leveled plain and We muster them nor shall We leave out any one of them."

48. "And they shall be presented before your Lord in ranks, (and Allah says:) 'You have come to Us, as We created you upon the first time. But you thought that We should not appoint a tryst for you'."

Commentary:

In order that the life of the world would not be loved, the remembrance of the Day of Judgment is necessary. This Day is for every body and there is no exception for any one. The words in the previous holy verses were upon a selfish proud man who, because of his haughtiness and pride, denied Resurrection. Here, following that subject, the Qur'an explains three stages concerning Hereafter. The first stage is before the resurrection of human beings. The second stage is the Resurrection itself. And the third stage is related to some events after Resurrection.

At first, the holy Qur'an implies that we should remember the Day when the system of the world of existence, as a preparation for a new system, will be disturbed and the

mountains will be set in motion so that all the barriers of the surface of the earth will be removed and the land will be leveled in a shape that every thing can clearly be seen. The verse says:

"And (remember) the day We shall set the mountains in motion, and you will see the earth a leveled plain … "

These current verses of the Qur'an point to the events which will happen at the threshold of Resurrection. Such events are a lot, and some of them are particularly pointed out in the short suras at the end of the Qur'an. These events are called as 'the signs of Hereafter' /'ašrat us sa'ah/.

After that, the verse finally implies that at this time Allah will gather them all, so that even a single person will not be left out. The verse continues saying:

" …and We muster them nor shall We leave out any one of them. "

The abovementioned sentence is an emphasis upon this fact that Resurrection is a general commandment and none will be exception from it.

* * * * * *

In the second verse, the Qur'an refers to the circumstances of the resurrection and humankind. It says:

"And they shall be presented before your Lord in ranks, …"

This expression may be an indication to the case that every group of people, who have the same belief or similar deeds, will be categorized in one row. Or, all of them, without any difference or privilege, will be set in a single row; like the mass of soldiers in front of the commander-in-chief of the army, where they are wholly seen.

However, standing in a row is a sign of order and tidiness. It is the secret of discipline and modesty. In the Qur'an, for

the statement of the qualifications of the strugglers, and also angels, the expression of 'row and rank' has been used. Two suras of the Qur'an are also entitled 'As-Saff' (the Ranks, the Row) and 'As-Saffat' (the Rangers).

In the world, sometimes, the military army are presented to the chiefs in a particular order, while, in Hereafter, all human beings will automatically and regularly be presented to the Lord. There, they will be told:

"... 'You have come to Us, as We created you upon the first time. But you thought that We should not appoint a tryst for you'."

In Hereafter, there will be for them, no property, nor privileges and material ranks, nor any helpers. They will be in the same state that they were created at first.

But, they imagined that Allah would never appoint a time for them. This status was at the time when the pride of material facilities deluded them, and the love of the world, which they imagined to be eternal, caused them to be neglectful of the thought of the Hereafter, which is inside the nature of everybody. But it is certain that the faithful persons, who are seekers of the truth and have enough capacity, will never fall in such ugly epithet when they reach to a social rank or some wealth. They not only will not be proud, but also no change will appear in their daily programs from this point of view.

It is narrated from the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) and Imam Sadiq (a.s.) that in Hereafter there will arrange one hundred and twenty thousand rows. Eighty thousand of them will be the Prophet's community, from the beginning of his embassy until the end of resurrection, and the former communities will be only forty thousand rows. (Kafi, Bihar-ul-Anwar, Tafsir-us-Safi, and Atyab-ul-Bayan).

49- وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَابُ فَتَرَى الْمُـجْرِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا فِيهِ وَيَقُولُونَ يَاوَيْلَتَنَا مَالِ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ لاَ يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَلاَ كَبِيرَةً إِلآَّ أَحْصَاهَا وَوَجَدُوا مَا عَمِلُوا حَاضِراً وَلاَ يِظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَداً

49. " And the Book (of deeds) is placed, and you see the guilty fearful at what is in it, and saying: 'Alas for us! What a Book is this, that it leaves out nothing, small or great, but it has numbered it?' And they will find all that they did confronting them; and your Lord does not treat anyone with injustice."

Commentary:

Imam Sadiq (a.s.) said: " On the Day of Hereafter, when the man's record of deeds will be given to him, he looks at it and sees that all his moments, words, movements and deeds are recorded in it; then he remembers them wholly such that as if he has done them just one hour before.(1)" Therefore, the holy verse implies that on Hereafter, there is the Book of deeds of all human beings which will be placed before them. When the sinners are informed of its content, they will be so frightened that the signs of fear will clearly be seen in their faces. The verse says:

" And the Book (of deeds) is placed, and you see the guilty fearful at what is in it, …"

1- Nur-uth-Thaqalayn, vol.3, p.267

At this moment, the guilty will astonishingly cry loudly for what they see, and, as the verse states:

" …and saying: 'Alas for us! What a Book is this, that it leaves out nothing, small or great, but it has numbered it?'…"

They will say that it is a Book that every thing has been minutely recorded and reckoned in it so that nothing has been left out.

Verily, what a terrible circumstance it is! They say that they have forgotten all those deeds of theirs in a manner that sometimes they thought they had committed no wrong, but today they see that their responsibility is heavier than what they considered and their fate is very dark.

Besides that recorded document, principally they will see all their deeds present before them. They will find the embodiment of their all good and evil actions, injustices and justices, vices and treacheries, all in all, in front of them. The verse continues saying:

" …And they will find all that they did confronting them; …"

In fact, they are entangled with the fruit of their own actions and the Lord is just to every one. Whatever they will be involved in Hereafter is the deeds they have done in this world. Thus, whom can they complain of, save of themselves? The verse concludes:

" …and your Lord does not treat anyone with injustice."

At the end, it is understood from the verses of the Qur'an that there will be three kinds of Book for human beings in the Hereafter. The first is a single Book which will be placed there for the reckoning of the deeds of all. The second is the Book that every community has, in which the deeds of every community are recorded, as it is recited in Sura Al-Jathiyah,

No.45, verse 28: " …every nation shall be called to its book: …"

The third is the Book which exists for every person separately, as Sura Al-'Isra', No.17, verse 13 says: "And We have made every man's actions to cling to his neck, and We will bring forth to him on the Resurrection Day a book which will be found wide open."

It is evident that there is no inconsistency between the content of these verses, because it does not matter that the man's deeds may be recorded in different books. The similar form of it can also be seen in programs of the present world where, for proper systematizing organizations of a country, there will be formed a regulation and calculation for every unit, and then those units will have a new situation in the greater units.

But, this fact should be noted that the men's book of deeds in Hereafter is not like the ordinary notebook or book in this world. It is an expressive and undeniable collection, which, perhaps, is the natural consequence of the man's deeds themselves.

However, the verses under discussion indicate that, besides the man's deeds being recorded in a special book, the deeds themselves will also incarnate and attend there,(1) as the verse points out: (…And they will find all that they confronting them; …).

The deeds which have disappeared in the form of scattered energy from the sights in this world, in fact, have not been annihilated. (The modern science has proved that no material

1- Like what is seen in televisions and satellites today. Thus, Allah Who is the creator of man is powerful to make present his deeds and show them in Hereafter.

and energy will vanish, but it always changes into another form.)

On That Day, these energies, which have been lost, will be changed into matter, by the command of Allah, and will incarnate in some suitable shapes. The righteous deeds will appear in some beautiful and interesting forms, while the evil actions will appear in some ugly and hateful features, and they will remain with us. It is for this reason that, at the end of the verse, the Qur'an says: " …and your Lord does not treat anyone with injustice ", because the rewards and the retributions are the fruit of the deeds of themselves.

Some of commentators, of course, have considered the holy phrase: " … and they will find all that they did confronting them " as an emphasis on the subject of 'the Book (of deeds)'. They have said that the meaning of the sentence is that they will find all their own deeds present and recorded in that Book. (Tafsir-ul-Kabir, by Fakhr-i-Razi, and Tafsir-ul-Jami', by Qurtubi)

However, in the commentary of 'Ayyashi, under the holy verse:

" …Alas for us! What a Book is this, that it leaves out nothing, small or great, but it has numbered it?' And they will find all that they did confronting them; and your Lord does not treat anyone with injustice." There is a tradition narrated from Khalid-ibn-Najib who has narrated from Imam Sadiq (a.s.) who said: " When the Day of Justice occurs, the man's book will be given to him and he will be ordered to read it." Khalid says that he asked Imam (a.s.): "Will he recognize what he reads?" Imam (a.s.) answered: "He will remember all. There will be no moment, no glance, no word, no step, and no other actions that he has fulfilled but he will remember entirely by reading that book, in a

manner as if he has performed it at that very moment. Therefore, he will say: 'Alas for us! What a Book is this, that it leaves out nothing, small or great, but it has numbered it?' " (Tafsir-ul-Burhan, and As-Safi. The content meaning of this tradition has also been narrated by men of tradition and community.)

Some Traditions:

1. Amir-ul-Mu'mineen Ali (a.s.) said: " …What will then be your position when your affairs reach their end and graves are turned upside down (to throw out the deed)? There shall every soul realize what it has sent before, and they shall be brought back to Allah, their true Lord, and what they did fabricate (the false deities) will vanish (away) from them."(1)

2. Ali-ibn-Abitalib (a.s.) said: "Did you not see those who engaged in long-reaching desires, built strong buildings, amassed much wealth but their houses turned to graves and their collections turned into ruin? Their property devolved on the successors and their spouses on those who came after them. They cannot (now) add to their good acts nor invoke (Allah's) mercy in respect to evil acts. Therefore, whoever makes his heart habituated to fear Allah achieves a forward position and his action is successful."(2)

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1- Nahjul-Balaq‍ah, Sermon 226

2- Nahjul-Balaq‍ah, Sermon 132

Section 7

Satan and his Tribe
The open enemies of Mankind

Mankind warned against following Satan and his tribe who are the open enemies of man and his progeny

50- وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلآَئِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لاِدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلآَّ إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِرَبّـِهِ أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِى وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلاً

50. “And (remember) when We said to the angels: 'Prostrate to Adam,' So they (all) prostrated except Iblis; he was of the jinn, and he rebelled against his Lord's command. Will you then choose him and his seed as your protecting friends instead of Me, when they are enemies to you? Evil would be the exchange for the unjust!”

Commentary:

Prostration is of three definite categories. The first is the prostration of worship which is only for Allah (s.w.t.), like the prostration in prayer. The second is the prostration of obedience like the prostration of angels to Adam which was for the sake of the obedience of the command of Allah. The third is the prostration of honouring and grandeur, like Jacob's prostration to Yusuf.

Of course, the story of the creation of Adam and the angels' prostration to him and disobedience of Satan has repeatedly been stated in the different verses of the Qur'an, but, as we have formerly pointed out, these repetitions contain some different points, so that each of which refers to a particular matter.

And in view of the fact that in the former explanations, the circumstance of the tyrant haughty rich people before the poor, the oppressed, and their end, had been illustrated, here, in this verse, the words are upon the Satan's disobedience from prostrating to Adam in order that we know the fact that, from very beginning, pride has been the cause of infidelity and insolence.

In addition to that subject, this story defines that aberrations usually originate from satanic temptations.

At first, the Qur'an says:

“And (remember) when We said to the angels: 'Prostrate to Adam,' So they (all) prostrated except Iblis; … ”

This exception may bring this misconception into being that Iblis was among the kind of angels, while the angels are immaculate, and then how did Iblis pave the path of disobedience and infidelity?

That is why, immediately after that, the Qur'an adds:

“ …he was of the jinn, and he rebelled against his Lord's command. …”

Satan was not of the kind of the angles, but because of servitude, submission andproximity to Allah, he was placed in the row of angels, so respectfully that, perhaps, he was even as a teacher of them. But, as a result of haughtiness and pride, he became the most accursed and hatred creature of divine portal. Then, the verse continues saying:

“… Will you then choose him and his seed as your protecting friends instead of Me, when they are enemies to you? …”

They are your harsh enemies who have made an oath to be against you, and have decided to lead all of you astray and make you miserable.

Obeying Satan and his progeny, instead of obeying Allah, is an evil exchange for the wrong doers. The verse says:

“… Evil would be the exchange for the unjust!”

How a wise person may choose an enemy, who has taken a decision to destroy him and has sworn upon this enmity, as his guardian, leader, and support?

* * * * * *

51- مَّآ أَشْهَدتُّهُمْ خَلْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَرْضِ وَلاَ خَلْقَ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَمَا كُنتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلّـِينَ عَضُداً

51. " I did not make them to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor of the creation of their selves, nor choose I misleaders for (My) helpers."

Commentary:

Allah is absolutely free from any want and He needs no helper even in creation. Then, if He (s.w.t.) refers some affairs to others, like referring the subject of guardianship to the angels, it is not because of powerlessness, but it is because of wisdom, and it is alongside the path of teaching and development of humankind.

Thus, He announces in this verse that for the creation of the heavens and the earth and the creation of Iblis and his progeny, He did not summon them and He did not want them to come to help. Therefore, His power is complete and He is not in need of the help of Satans, and none should obey Satans instead of Allah. The verse says:

" I did not make them to witness the creation

of the heavens and the earth, nor of the creation of their selves, …"

Never Allah calls Satans, who are the misleaders of human beings, to help Him, nor does He take them as His assistants. The verse continues saying:

" …nor choose I misleaders for (My) helpers."

It has been narrated that Hadrat Ali (a.s.) was told that until the settlement of his government he might keep Mu'awiyah fix

in office and, after becoming powerful, he could dismiss him. Then, in answer to them, he (a.s.) said: " And I do not choose misleaders for (my) helpers." (Tafsir-i-Nur-uth-Thaqalayn, vol.3, p. 268)