usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh tJ[favbdkufof?        xdktcg urBmOd;ocif [Z&oftm'rf(t-p)onf rdrdtm; arG;jrLzefqif;awmfrlaom to#ifjrwfxHrS tcsKd@aom qkrGefrsm;udk oif=um;em,lI (to#ifjrwfxH0efcsawmif; yef toem;cH&m) to#ifjrwfonf rdrd. *&k%mawmfjzifh tm'rf bufodk@vSnfh awmfrlI csrf;omcGifhay;oem;awmfrlavonf? {ueftrSef xdkto#ifjrwfonfom v#if (0efcsawmif;yef toem;cHolrsm;tm;) *&k%mawmfjzifh t}udrf}udrfcsrf;omcGifh ay;oem;awmfrlxaomto#if/ tpOftjrJ oem;!Smwm=uifemawmfrlaom to#ifjzpfawmf rlacsownf;? (uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf 2 ; 37)        tvm[fto#ifjrwfxHawmfY 0efcsawmif;yeftoem;cH&mwGif [Z&oftm'rf(t-p) jrGufqdkcJhaom yk'fyg' (uvDrmhof)rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I atmufygtwdkif; a& 0g,ofwnf&Sdxm;onfrSm? ? om0u}uD; [Z&oftbm;pfocif. a&0g,oft qdk w&yfwGif wnf&SdcJhonfrSm - u|Efkyfwdk@onf wrefawmfjrwf(qG)tm; usrf;jrwf uk&ftmefY [Z&oftm'rf(t-p)onf rdrdjypfr_rsm;udk to#ifjrwfxHwGif 0efcs awmif;yef toem;cHpOfu qkawmif;aom yk'fyg'rsm;ESifh ywfoufI ar;jref;av#muf xm;awmfrl&mwGif wrefawmfjrwf(qG)u tvm[fto#ifjrwf onf [Z&oftm'rf(t-p)tm; oif=um;ay;awmfrlonfh yk'fyg' (uvDrm;of)rsm;rSm ig(wrefawmfjrwf)/ [Z &oftvD(t-p)/ [Z&ofzGmoGDrm(t-p)/ [Z&ofatrmrf[pef(t-p)ESifh atrmrf[dkpdkif;(ef)(t-p) t&Sifig;yg;awmf armfuGef;0if tu|Efkyf. tJ[favbdkufofrsm; trnfemrawmfwwf+yD; 0qDvm ,lI qkrGefaumif;awmif; toem;cHcJh&mwGif tvm[fto#ifjrwfonf [Z&oftm'rf(t-p)tm; vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh ay;oem;awmfrlcJh avonf?        tdkig. tGrRofwynfhom0u}uD;rsm; toifwdk@onfvnf; rdrdwdk@jyKrdusL; vGefcJhaom jypfr_rsm;&Sdygu toifwdk@. urBmOD;zcif [Z&oftm'rf(t-p)uJhokd@ aomifbmvkyfI igwdk@tJ[favbdkufof. 0qDvmjyKI 0efcsawmif;yef toem;cH jcif;jzifh tvm[fto#ifjrwf xHawmfY rdrdwdk@. tjypf*dkemrsm;udk {uefrkcs yvyfawmfrlI vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh &apvdrfhrnf? (ozfpD&f 'l&f&kvfrefpl;&f)        t=uifolwdk@onf rdrdwdk@. OpPmypPnf;rsm;udk ae@nra&G; (tcgcyfodrf;) vGwfvyfpGmjzifh wrsKd;/ xif&Sm;pGmjzifhwpfzHk vSLwef;oHk;pGJ=uukef.?okd@jzpf I,if;olwkd@.ukokdvf/ tusKd;onf ,if;olwkd@tm; ar$;jrLaomfr_aom to#if jrwf.txHaomfY (toif)&Sdayonf? xkd@jyifw0 xkdolwkd@ tay:0,f rnfonfh pkd;&drf a=umifh}ujcif;r#r&Sd/ ,if;olwkd@onf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;}urnfvnf; r[kwfay?        u&Sf&Smzfusrf;wGif r[mom0u+uD; armifvmtvDocif}uD;onf wcsdefwnf; wGif rdrdykdifqkdifor#aom 'D&f[rfaiG(4)jym;ukd vSL'ef&mwGif 'D&f[rfwjym;ukd aehtcsdefYvSL.? 'D&f[rfwjym;ukd nOfhtcsdefYvSL. 'D&f[rfwjym;ukd vSdK@ 0SufpGm vSL.? xkdtcgY rkuQygXfawmfonf [Z&ofarmifvmtvD(t-p)ESifh pyf vsOf;I usa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfonf [lIazmfjyxm;avonf?        oom0u}uD; [Z&oftdbfaetbBmpf.&d0g,of&SdonfrSm azmfjyyg uk&ftmef tm ,ofawmfonf [Z&oftvD(t-p) wcsdefwnf;wGif rdrdydkifqdkifaom 'D&f[rf(4)jym;udkcGJI ae@tcsdefwGif wjym;udkvnf;aumif;/ nOftcsdefwGif wjym;udk vnf;aumif;/ v#Kd@0SufpGmjzifhvnf;aumif;/ vlodxif&Sm;pGmjzifhvnf;aumif; vSL wef;cJhonfhtwGuf tvm[fto#ifjrwfonf tvGefESpfouffawmfrlI [Z&oft vD(t-p)tm; uk&ftmefusrf;jrwftm,ofawmfjzifh csD;usL;*k%fjyKI tmac&wfwGif vnf; rnfonfhpdk;&drfa=umifh=ur_rsm;r&Sd 0rf;enf;ylaqG;rnf vnf;r[kwfa=umif; udk tmrcHxm;awmfrlavonf? (ed,mod[Gvfrk0'f'wfusrf;)         xdk@jyifw0toifwdk@onf wpnf;wvHk;wnf; tvm[fto#ifjrwf.}udK; udk pGJjrJpGm udkifxm;=uavukef/ 4if;jyif toifwdk@onf tcsif;csif; aoG;r uGJ=uukefESifh? (3 ; 102)        txufyg usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef tm,ofawmfESifh ywfoufI tvmrm&Sbfvd edrmeD. (qG0gtdaurdk&Dugusrf; p§r 149wGif)Todk@azmfjyxm;avonfrSm? ? [ Z&ofatrmrf *smhtfzJ&fqGm'duf(t-p) rdef@=um;xm;awmfrlonfrSm - tu|Efkyf wdk@ tJ[favbdkufofrsm;omv#if tvm[fto#ifjrwf. }udK;jzpfonf? u|Efkyfwdk@. omoemqdkif&m trdef@t&yfrsm;udkomv#if pGJjrJpGmudkifxm;I usifhoHk; jcif; t rdef@emcHjcif;jzifh toifwdk@tcsif;csif; aoG;uGJ=urnf r[kkwfacs? odk@ygI toifwdk@ bdk@&m TurBmavmu}uD;Yvnf;aumif;/ tmac&wfaemifwrvGef b0Yvnf;aumif; tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdrnfrSm rvGJay? om0u}uD; tDbfaetbm;pf. a&0g,ofw&yf&Sd onfrSm - wae@Y u|Efkyfwdk@onf wrefawmf jrwf(qG)ESifhtwl tem;wGif0dkif; zGJ@I xdkifae=upOf tm&AfwpfOD;a&muf&Sdvm+yD; wrefawmfjrwf(qG)tm; pvmrfjyKI usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefY tvm[fto#ifjrwf. }udK;qdkonfrSm rnfolygenf;/ rnfolrsm; .aemufvdkufI trdef@emcH+yD; rnfolrsm;tm; pGJjrJpGmudkifxm;&ygoenf;[lI ar; jref;av#mufxm;cJh&mwGifwrefawmfjrwf(qG)u rdrd.tem;wGifxdkifaeolom0u}uD; armifvmtvD(t-p). vuf0g;udk,lI rdrd.vuf0g;jzifh &kdufjy+yD; Tol(armifvmt vD)omv#if tvm[fto#ifjrwf. }udK;jzpfonf? ol@tm; ckdifjrJpGm udkifxm;jcif;jzifh toifrnfodk@r#vrf;rSm;okd@ a&muf&Sdrnf r[kwfay? tpOftrSefw&m;udkom &&Sd aernf/ 4if;tjyif toifwdk@onf rnfonfhtcgr# tcsif;csif; aoG;uGJr_&Sd=urnf r[kwfacs/ rSwfxm;avmh tvDonf uk&ftmefusrf;jrwfESifh tjrJwapwnf&SdI uk&f tmefusrf;jrwfonf tvDESifh tjrJwap&Sdayonf? (ed,mbd,kvf rdk0'f'gusrf;)        (tkdeADwrefawmf)toifonf tDrmef,Hk=unfjcif; w&m;xm;&SdIaumif; jrwfaom tusifhoDvrsm;udk aqmufwnf=uukefaom rdk@tfrifefrsm;tm; yDwdaomre\jzpfapaom r*Fvmowif;udk ay;avavmh/ {ueftrSef xdkokd@ aom odv0EWyk*~dKvfrsm;tbdk@ (pHpm;aexkdif&eftvdk@iSm) *sEMofokcbHk rsm;onf toifh&Sdonf xdkokcbHkatmufY prf;a&/ a&acsmif;rsm;vnf; pD; qif;v#uf&Sd.? (2 ; 25)        txufyg uk&ftmeftm,ofawmfESifh pyfv#Of;I om0u}uD; tbm;pf. a&0g,of &SdonfrSm - wrefawmfjrwf rdef@=um;awmfrlcJhonfrSm? ? tDrmef,Hk=unfjcif;w&m; xm;&SdI aumif;jrwfaom tusifhoDv&Sifrsm;rSm armifvmtvD(t-p)ESifh u|Efkyf. tJ[favbdkufofomjzpfI 4if;wdk@twGuf aumif;csD;r*Fvmowif;w&yf jzpfayonf?        tjcm; a&0g,ofw&yfwGif ,if;uk&ftmeftm,ofawmfonf txl;ojzifh tD rmef,Hk =unf=uol rdk@tfrifefolawmfpifrsm;jzpf=uaom [Z&oftvD(t-p)/ [Z&of *smhtfzJ&fa&odkuf,m;&f/ [Z&of [rfZmESifh [Z&of taA'gbifef[g&Dpfbifef tAlvfrGwfoGvDbfwdk@tm; csD;usL;*k%fjyKxm;awmfrlaom tm,ofjzpfavonf? (*g, wGvfr&m;rfusrf;)