uk&ftmefESifh a&0g,of&Sd [Z&of rJ[f'D(t-p)?

1? uk&ftmef?

        usrf;awmfjrwfuk&ftmefonf tv†m[dkto#ifjrwfudk od&SdEdkif&eftwGuf prf;acsmif;wckozG,fjzpf+yD;/ vlom;rsm;. vdktyfcsufjzpfonfh twwfynmrsm;t wGuf ta&;ygonfh usrf;jrwfjzpf.? Tusrf;pmtkyfonf avmu/ tem*wf/ ypPKyef&Sd owif;tjzpftysufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;onfh rSefuefr_rsm;jzifh jynfhpHk+yD; rSefuefr_ wpHkw&mudkrS zHk;uG,fjcif; r&SdcJhay? odk@aomf xdkusrf;jrwfwGif avmuESifh ywfEG,fonfh trSefw&m;rsm; zHk;uG,fpGm wnf&Sdae.? xdkta=umif;t&mrsm;udk vuf0,f&,lEdkifolrsm;rSm xdkusrf;jrwfESifh &if;ESD;r_&Sdolrsm;/ rSefuef pGm tus,fzGifholrsm; jzpf=uonfh wrefawmfjrwf(qG)ESifh 4if;. oef@&Sif;pif=u,faom tdrfawmfol tdrfawmfom;rsm;omv#if jzpf=uonf? tv†m[dkto#ifjrwf. aemufqHk; udk,fpm;vS,fawmf yGifhay:&yfwnfr_onf avmu}uD;. t}uD;rm;qHk;aom rSefuef r_w&yfjzpf.? xdkta=umif;t&mESifh ywfoufIusrf;awmfjrwfuk&ftmef&Sd tm,of awmfrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;+yD; xdktm,ofawmfrsm;ESifh ywf oufaom tus,fzGifhrsm; wGifvnf; a&0g,ofrsm;pGmudk qifhjyefxm;=uonf? 4if;wdk@teufrS tcsKd@udk wifjy oGm;rnf jzpfygonf?

ql&m trfAD,m tm,of 105wGif azmfjyxm;onfrSm

rvGJ{uef Zbl&fusrf;wGifZDuf(&f)(aomif0f&m;of)+yD;aemufu|Efkyfwdk@a&; om;xm; =uonfrSm/ ajrjyifudk u|Efkyfwdk@. oifhawmf aumif;rGefaomaus; u|efrsm; tarGtjzpf qufcH=uvdrfhrnfjzpfonf?

atrmrfbmuJ&f(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? ajrjyifudk tarGqufcH=urnfh aus;u|ef rsm;. qdkvdk&if;rSm atrmrf rJ[f'D(t-p)ESifh 4if;. aemufvdkufrsm; jzpfonf? ql&m uqGqf tm,of5wGif rdef@awmfrlxm;onfrSm
          u|Efkyfwdk@onf ajrjyif&Sd tiftm;csdeJ@olrsm;tay: aus;Zl;w&m;udk xm;&Sd+yD;/ 4if;wdk@ tm; ajrjyifwGif acgif;aqmifr_ðyolrsm;/ tarGqufcHol rsm;tjzpf owfrSwf&ef &nf&G,fawmf rl.?

atrmrftvD(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? tiftm;csdeJ@olrsm;. qdkvkd&if;rSm wref awmfjrwf(qG). tdrfawmfol/ tdrfawmfom;rsm; jzpfonf? tv†m[dkto#ifjrwfonf 4if;wdk@. cufcJr_rsm;/ óud;yrf;r_rsm;. aemufwGif 4if;wdk@twGif;rS rJ[f'Dudk zl;yGifhaprnf jzpf +yD; 4if;wdk@tm; *k%foduQm&SdI jrifhjrwfolrsm; jzpfap+yD; 4if;wdk@. &efolrsm;udk cufcJr_rsm;jzifh edrfhusaprnf jzpfonf? xdkenf;wlpGm ql&m[l;'f tm,of 86wGif rdef@awmfrlxm;onfrSm
          tu,fI rdk@tfrif(ef)jzpf=urnfqdkv#if tv†m[dkto#ifjrwf.xdef csefxm;olonf toifwdk@twGuf taumif;qHk; jzpf.?

atrmrfbmuJ&f(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? atrmrfrJ[f'D(t-p) zl;yGifhcsdefwGif olonf umhtfbm. eH&HudkrSD+yD; yxrqHk; ajym=um;rnfhpum;rSm txufyg tm,ofawmfjzpf.? xdk@aemuf u|Efkyfonf ajrjyif&Sd buD,okv†m/ xdkt&Sif jrwf. udk,fpm;vS,fawmfjzpf+yD; toifwdk@twGuf [G*sf*sofjzpf.?

                    rnfolrqdk xdkoltay: pvmrfarwWm ydk@ocsifv#if Todk@ajym=um;yg?           tpPvmrdktmvdkif;u ,m  buD,ovfvm[d  zD;tJ&faZG[D

ql&m['D;'f tm,of17wGif rdef@awmfrlxm;onfrSm od=uavmh/ tv†m[dkto#if jrwfonf ajrjyiftm; aoqHk;ap+yD; aemufwzef jyef vnf&Sifoefapawmfrl rnf jzpf.? u|Efkyfwdk@onf tm,ofawmfrsm;udk toifwdk@twGuf wifjy cJh+yD; jzpf./ odk@rSom toifwdk@ pOf;pm; awG;ac:=uvdrfhrnf jzpfonf?

atrmrf qGm'd(uf)(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? tm,ofawmf. qdkvdk&if;rSm tv†m[dkto#ifjrwfonf ajrjyiftm; [Z&ofrJ[f'D(t-p). w&m;r#wr_jzifh xdkocifzl; yGifhcsdefwGif jyefvnf &Sifoefaprnf jzpf.? ajrjyifonf vrf;vGJvrf;rSmodk@ a&mufaeaom vl om;wdk@. ESdyfpufr_a=umifh aoqHk;ae+yD;aemuf xdkocif. zl; yGifhjcif;jzifh jyefvnf&Sifoefap rnf jzpfonf?


c? a&0g,ofawmfrsm;?

          atrmrf rJ[f'D(t-p). ta=umif;rsKd;pHkESifh oufqdkifaom a&0g,ofrsm;pGm u|Efkyf wkd@. vuf0,fwGif wnf&Sdygonf? xdkocif. b0ta=umif;rsKd;pHkESifh oufqdkifaom (Oyrm/ zGm;jrifjcif;/ i,fpOfb0/ *dkifbof pG*f&mESifh uGbf&m/ zl;yGifhvmrnfh tcsdefY jzpfay:vmrnfh trSwftom;rsm;/ tkyfcsKyfrnfh tcsdefumv) ['D;pfawmfrsm;udk omoemhynm&Sifrsm;xHwGif wnf&Sda=umif;od&ygonf? xdkenf; wlpGm xdkocif. toGifyHkpH/ tusifhpm&dwWrsm;/ *dkif boftcsdefumv. xl;jcm; csufrsm;/ apmifhar#mfaeolrsm;. tusKd;tjrwfrsm;/ jrifhjrwfr_rsm; ESifh oufqdkifonfh wefzdk;&Sdaom a&0g,ofrsm;vnf; wnf&Sdygonf? tHh=ozG,faumif;onfrSm rsm;jym; pGmaom a&0g,ofrsm;onf o#Dtm pmtkyf}uD;rsm;wGifomru/ pGEMDwdk@.pmtkyf}uD; rsm;wGifyg azmfjyxm;onfudk awG@&+yD;/ tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm cdkifvHkaom taxmuft xm;rsm;&Sdonfudkyg awG@&jcif; jzpfonf?

          atrmrfrJ[f'D(t-p)tay: *&kðyjcif;. xl;jcm;csufrsm;rSwckrSm atrmrf(t-p) tm;vHk;. xdkocifESifh ywfoufI wefzdk;&Sdonfh pum;rsm; rdef@=um;csufyifjzpf onf? Tt csufonf xdkocifESifh ywfoufI aumif;rGefpGmod&SdEdkif&ef owif; aumif;rsm;udk &&Sdap+yD; xdkocif. ta&;ygaom &yfwnfjcif;/ ðyjyifajymif;vJjcif; wdk@udk azmfjyaeonf? ,ck u|Efkyfwdk@ xdkatrmrf wyg;pDwdkif;. rdef@&yfrsm;udk wifjyoGm;rnf jzpfonf?

wrefawmfjrwf(qG) rdef@awmfrlxm;onfrSm? ? rJ[f'D(t-p)udk awG@jrif&ol/ cspfcifol/ ol@&J@ atrmroftay: vufcH,Hk=unfoltwGufrSm 0rf;omp&m aumif; ayonf?

atrmrf tvD(t-p) rdef@awmfrlxm;onfrSm? ? (tmav rdk[rR'f) zl;yGifhvmjcif; udk apmifhar#mfae=uyg/ tv†m[dkto#ifjrwf. *&kemawmfrSvnf; ar#mfvifhcsuf ruif; rJh=uygeJ@/ {ueftrSef zl;yGifhvmjcif;udk apmifhar#mfaejcif;onf tv†m[dkto#if jrwf xHyg;&Sd cspfcif jrwfEdk;zG,f taumif;qHk; vkyf&yfjzpfonf?

[Z&of zGmoGdrm ZJ[f&m(t-p). usrf;awmfwGif a&;om;xm;onfrSm? ? xdk@ aemuf t&Sifjrwf. &m[frofawmfa=umifh vlom;rsm;twGuf apwrefrsm;. tpOf tqufudk atrmrf [qef tufPu&D(t-p). om;awmfjzifh jynfhpHkaprnf jzpfonf? xdkolonf rl qm. jrifhjrwfr_/ tDqm. jynfhpHkr_/ tdkuf,l;bf. onf;cHr_rsm; wnf&Sdol jzpfonf?

([Z&of ZJ[f&m t-p . usrf;awmfqdkonfrSm? ? *smbJ&f tefqGm&Donf t xufazmfjyyg a&0g,ofESifh ywfoufI ajym=um;xm;onfrSm/ wrefawmfjrwf(qG). vufxufawmfwGif atrmrf [dkpdkif;(ef)(t-p) zGm;jrifawmfrlonfhtwGuf [Z &of ZJ[f&m(t-p)tm; r*Fvmpum; ajym=um;&ef oGm;a&mufcJhygonf? xdkocifr. vufxJY tpdrf;a&mif usrf;pm tkyfwtkyfudk awG@&+yD; 4if;wGif vif;vufawmufy onfht&mudk awG@cJh&onf? xdk@a=umifh xdkpmtkyfrSm bmpmtkyf jzpfygovJ[k ar;vdkuf&m/ Tpmtkyfudk tv†m[dkto#ifjrwfonf rdrd. wrefawmftwGuf vuf aqmifay;xm;jcif; jzpf+yD; xdkpmtkyfwGif zcif/ cifyGef;onf/ om;awmfESpfyg;ESifh tjcm; udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;. emrnfrsm;udk a&;om;xm;ygonf/ w refawmfjrwfonf u|efr aysmf±$ifr_&Sdap&eftwGuf ay;oem;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf?)

atrmrf [qef rk*sfobm(t-p) a&0g,ofwckwGif wrefawmfjrwf(qG) tedpP a&muf+yD;aemuf jzpfay:vmonfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk wifjy+yD; rdef@awmfrlxm;onf rSm tv†m[dkto#ifjrwfonf avmu. aemufqHk;tcsdefwGif vlwa,mufudk a&G; cs,f+yD;/ z&D&Sfomrsm;. tultnDudk ay;oem;+yD;/ 4if;. aemufvdkufrsm;udk apmifha&Smufawmf rlrnf jzpfonf/ xdk@jyif 4if;tm; wurBmvHk;&Sd vlom;rsm;tay: atmifjrifr_udk ay;oem; vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ olonfvnf; ajrjyiftm; w&m;r#wr_ rsm;jzifh vif;vufawmufyatmif ðyvkyfvdrfhrnf jzpfonf? xdkoludk jrifawG@ Edkifaom/ xdkol. ajympum;rsm;udk em;axmif&ol rsm;rSm aysmf&$ifzG,f aumif; ayonf?

atrmrf[dkpdkif;(ef)(t-p) rdef@awmfrlxm;onfrSm? ? tv†m[kdto#ifjrwf onf ol(rJ[f'D t-p). trSDo[Jjzifh aoqHk;ae+yD;jzpfaom ajrjyifudk jyefvnf&Sif oefaprnf jzpf./ rSefuefonfh omoemawmfudkvnf; tjcm; omoemrsm;tay: zHk; v$rf;r_udk jzpfaprnf/ ol@twGuf *dkifbofjzpfay:vmrnf jzpfonf/ xdktcsdef wGif tcsKd@rSm omoemrS wdrf;a&SmifoGm; =u+yD; tcsKd@rSmvnf; omoemay:wGif wnfwHhpGm &Sdae=urnf jzpfonf? {ueftrSef *dkif bofjzpfcsdefwGif rdrdóuHawG@ vmrnfh tcuftcJ 'kuQrsm;/ vdrfnmr_rsm;tay: onf;cHw&m; vufudkifxm;olonf wrefawmfjrwf(qG)ESifhtwl "g;qGJI omoemtwGuf wdkufyGJ0ifolo zG,f jzpfonf?

atrmrf p*sf*smh'f(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? t=uifolonf u|Efkyfwdk@. umtDrf (t-p) *dkifbofjzpfaecsdef/ u|Efkyfwdk@tay:Y cspfcifr_ cdkifjrJpGm qufvufwnf&Sdaernfqdkv#if tv†m[dkto#ifjrwfonf 4if;tm; tdk[G'fESifh b'f&fwdkufyGJwGif usqHk;oGm;aom ,S[D;'fwpf axmif. tusKd;qG0g;bfudk ay;oem;vdrfhrnf jzpfonf?

atrmrf bmuJ&f(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? vlom;rsm;twGuf 4if;wdk@. at rmrf *dkifbofjzpfaeaom tcsdefwcsdef a&muf&Sdvmvdrfhrnf/ xdktcsdefwGif u|Efkyfwdk@. atrm roftay:Y wnfwHhpGm qufvufwnf&Sdaeol. tajctaerSm 0rf;ajrmufzG,f aumif;.?

atrmrf qGm'duf(t-p) rdef@awmfrlxm;onfrSm? ? atrmrf umtDrf(t-p)t wGuf *dkifbofESpfck wnf&Sd./ wckrSm wdkawmif;+yD;/ wckrSm &Snfvsm;.?

atrmrf umZGDrf(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? atrmrf(rJ[f'D t-p)onf vlom; rsm;. tjrifrS aysmufuG,faernf jzpfonf/ odk@aomf 4if;tay: owd& wrf;wjcif;rSm vl om;rsm;. ESvHk;om;rS aysmufuG,faernf r[kwfay?

atrmrf a&\Gm(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? atrmrf rJ[f'D rSefuefr_twGuf &yf wnfcsdefwGif ajrjyifonf 4if;. wnf&Sdr_a=umifh vif;vufvmrnf jzpfonf/ xdkocifonf trSefw&m;. csdefcGifawmfudk vlom;rsm;t=um; owfrSwfay;vdrfh rnf jzpfonf/ xdktcsdef wGif rnfolr# wOD;ESifhwOD; &efrl=uvdrfhrnf r[kwf?

atrmrf *s0gh'f(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? u|Efkyfwdk@. umtDrfqdkonfrSm/ 4if; *dkif bofjzpfaecsdefwGif vlxkonf rvGJraoG 4if;. zl;yGifhvmjcif;udk apmifhar#mfae+yD; 4if;&yfwnf csdefwGif 4if;. trdef@tay: vdkufem xrf;aqmif&rnf jzpfonf?

atrmrf [m'D(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? u|Efkyf r&SdonfhaemufwGif u|Efkyf. om;awmf [qef atrmrfjzpfvm+yD;/ 4if;r&SdonfhaemufwGif 4if;.om;awmf umtDrf atrmrfjzpfonf? 4if;onf rw&m;n‡if;yef;ESdyfpufr_rsm;jzifh jynfhESufae aom ajrjyiftm; w &m;r#wr_rsm;jzifh jynfhESufaprnfhol jzpfonf?

atrmrf [qef tuPfu&D(t-p) rdef@awmfrlonfrSm? ? u|Efkyfr&Sdonfhaemuf wm0efrsm;udk qufvuf qufcHrnfholudk jyo+yD;aemufrS avmu}uD;rS ac:aqmif oGm;onfh t&Sif jrwfudk tvGefw&m aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf? xdkolonf tusifhpm &dwWESifh toGifyHkpHwdk@wGif w refawmfjrwf(qG)ESifh twlqHk;ol jzpfygonf?

                                                                                0pPvmrdk tmvdkif;ul;rf?