A nan zamu kawo muhimman nassosin Alkur'ani maigirma da aka saukar akan son Ahlul-bai (as).ko kuma wadan da aka fassara su da hakan,tare da ruwayoyi da suka zo kan hakan daga cikin ingatattun littafai.
1-Fadin Allah madaukaki in da yake cewa:"Bana tambayarku wata lada akansa face dai soyayyar makusantana"shura:23
wannnan iat ce ayar soyayya(ayatul mawadda)wadda da yawa daga cikin littafan tafsiri da kuma manyan littafan hadisi da tarihi sun tabbatar da saukarta akan zuriyar Annabi (s.aa.w)wato Ali ,Fatima hasan da Husain da tsarkakan zuriyarsu(A.s).
Dangane da tafsirin wannan aya, Suyuti da saran su sun karbo daga Ibn Abbas cewa: yayin da aka saukar da wannan aya, sun tambayi manzon Allah (s.aw.a)cewa :Ya rasululallah shin wadansu zuriyaka ne kaunarsu ya zamanto wajibi a kanmu? Sai yace :"Ali, Fatima da 'ya'yayansu guda biyu"Algarifi:215-216.
Wannan aya tana nuni ne da wajibcin son Ahlulbait da nassi ya gabatar da sunayensu.Fajrur Razi ya tabbatar da haka ta hanyoyi guda uku, bayan day a ruwaito hadisin mutane hudu sune makusantan Annabi (S.a.w.a), idan kuwa har hakan ya tabbata to wajibi ne su kebantu da wata girmamamawa ta musamman, za a iya tabbatar da hakan ne kuwa ta hanyoyi:
Na farko: Afdin Allah (T.A):"face son makusanta"
Na biyu: babu shakka cewa manzon Allah s. yana so da kaunar Fatima A.S. an ruwaito yana cewa :"Fatima tsoka ce daga tsokata, abin ya cutar da ita yana cutar da ni".Sannan kuma tabbatattun nassosi daga Manzon mai tsira, su tabbatar da cewa yana son Ali,hasanda Husaini a.S. To iadan kuwa haka ne ya tabbata, to wajibi ne ga sauran al'umma su ma su yi koyi da shi, kamar yada Alla ta'ala ya yi umurni da hakan:"ku bi shi don ku shiryu"A'araf:158.
Na uku: Yin addu a ga wannan zuriya wani matsayi ne mai girman gasket,don haka ne ma aka san shi cimakon tahiyar salla(a wajen shi'a)wannan addu'a kuwa ita ce "Allahumma salli ala Muhammad wa ali Muhammad".Irin wannan girman kuwa ba a same shi bag a waninsu, lallai hakan kuwa yana nuni ne da wajibcin kauna da son zuriyar manzo S.A.W.A.
Dongane da hakan an ruwaito cewa Imam shafi 'I yana cewa: Idan rafdu (shi anci ) shi ne son zuriyar manzo s.a.w.a. to mutane da aljannu su shaida nima rafidi ne (dan shi'a)Tafsirul Razi sura:27/166.
Sannan a wani guri kuma Imam Shafi'I ya nuna saukar ayar soyayyaa ga Ahlulbait a.s. inda yake cewa :Ya Ahlulbaitin manzo sonku wajibi ne da Allah ya saukar cikin Kur'ani.Sawa'ikul muhrika na ibn hajar:148-175
Abin da ka ruwaito daga Imama Ahlulbait a.s. dongane da wannan aya:
Iamaman shiriya sun kafa hujjar wajibcin sonsu ga dukkan musulmi da wannan aya. Zadan ya ruwaito daga Imam Ali A.S yana cewa :Akwai aya a garemu a cikin Aali hamim ,babu wanda zai kiyaye kaunarmu face mumini.Daga nan sai ya karanto wannan ayar."Ban tambaye ku lada ba akansa sai son Ahlulbait:majmaul Zuwaid :9:146.
An ruwaito daga Aimam zainul abiding A.S. yana cewa:Lokacin da aka kashe Imam Ali A.S. Imam hasan ya yi wa mutane jawabi , inda ya gabatar da godiyar Allah da kuma tsarkake shi,sai y ace:Ni ina daga cikin Ahlulbaitin da Allah ya wajabta sonsu ga dukkan musulmi.Alla ta ala yana cewa:(ka ce:bana tambayarku wata lada akansa face dai soyayya ga makusanta, kuma wanda ya aikata wani abu mai kyau, za mu kara masa kyau a cikinsa)Mustadarikal sahihaini3:172 majmaul zawa id 9:146 sawa ikul muhrika:170 zakairul ukba:138 sharhi ibn abil hadid:a6:30.
Sai ya cigaba d ace wa son mu Ahlulbait shi ne kyakkyawan aiki.
Sannan ibn Jarir ya ruwaito daga Abi Dailami yana cewa :Lokacin da aka zo da Ali bin Husain a daure amaysayin bursunan yaki , sai wani daga cikn mutanen sham ya mike yace :Y ace gidiya ta tabbata ga Ubangijin day a kasha ku , ya ruguza ku kana ya kawo karshen fitinarku.
Sai Ali bin husain y ace:Na am . sai y ace masa:shin ba ka taba karanta Aali hamim ba , sai y ace masa :shin baka karanta yar (ka ce ban tambaye ku komai ba akansa sai son makusanta)ba? Sai y ace :shin kana so ka ce kun e wadan nan mutanen ?sai y ace:Na am aim u ne. Tafsirul dabri:25:16 Bahrul muhid na Abu hayan :7:20 da ruhul ma'ani na Alusi:25:31
Kana kuma Isma'il bin Abdul khali ya ruwaito daga Abi Abdullah cewa:ya ji shi (a.s) yana fadi wa Abi Ja'afar cewa :me mutanen Basra suke fadi dangane da wannan aya ? sai ya ce : cewa suke yi wai an saukar da ita ne ga makusantan Annabi(s.aw.a) sai ya ce masa: karya suke yi, hakika an saukar da ita gare mu ne Ahlulbait kawai, wato Ali, Fatima, Hassanda Husain.
WASU TAWILOLIN AYAR :
Daga abin day a gabata za'a iya gane cewa ayar soyayya tana nuni ne a fili akan wajinbicin son Ahlulbait(a.s)hakan kuma shi ne ma'anar da ake fahimta daga ayar kamar yadda malumma irinsu kamrani da Al'aini da sauransu sukabayyana , bugu da kari akan hadisi da suke bayanin wannan aya daga Ahlulbait (a.s) da kuma wasu daga cikin sahabbai Tabi'ai da kuma malimman hadisi.
Kimanin Imamai shida ne suka ruwaito hadisi da ke nuna saukar wannan ayar akan Ahlulbait (a.s) da kuma fiye da Sahabbai da TAbi'ai goma.ALgadirir Na Allama Amini 3:172.
To amma duk da irin bayyananniyar hujjar wannan ayar said a wasu suka yi kokari kawar da gaskiya daga muhallinta da kuma canza maganar Allah zuwa abin ga abin da ya yi dai-dai da son zuciyarsu.ta hanayar kirkiro wasu maganganu marasa tushe wajen bayyana abin da yar take nufi.Ga kadan daga cikin irin wadannan maganganu :
MAGANA TA FARKO: Suna cewa wai ayar da tana Magana ne ga kuraishawa ,ladan da ake mgana kuwa akai it ace ,kauanarsu ga Annabi (s.a.w.a)saboda kusancinsa gare su. Haka kuma saboda karyata shi da kuma gbansu gare shi a dalilin wulakanta allolinsu da yake yi kamar yadda ya zo ciki Hadisai .Don haka sai aka umurce shi da nemi da ya neme su kaunace shi du kukwa da rashin Imaninsu da kua neman kada su cutar da shi.
Masu wannan ra'ayi suna dogara ne da wata ruwaya daga Dawus inda yake cewa:Wani mutum ya tambayi Ibn Abbaas dangane daa Fadin Allah madaukakin sarki cewa :"ban tambaye ku lada ba akan sa sai kaunar makusanta "sai Sa'id bn Jubair ya ce:makusantan Annabi daga nan sai Ibn Abbas ya ce:Ka yi gaggawa.domin kuwa manzon Allah (s.a.w.a) babu wani abu reshe na daga rassan kuraishawa face yana da dangantaka da ita, don haka aka saukar da (ban tambaye ku lda ba akansa sai sonku ga makusanta) ma ana face daiku isar da zumuntarku da ke tsakanina da ku. Musnad Ahmad1:229da 286da kuma sahihul bukhari6:231/314.
Daga wannan magana muna iya fahimtar wasu al'amura ,kamar:
1' Dubin farko na cikin isnadin wannan hadisi zai iya tabbatar da rishin ingancinsa, don kuwa a cikin isnadin akwai Shuàuba bin Hujjaj wanda ya shaha wajen karya da kirkiro Hadisi, sannan kuma da Yahaya bn Ubad Al'Dhabài shima yana daga cikin kamar yadda bn hajar ya bayyanar daga alsaji. Kana kuma akwai Muhammad bn Jaàafar wanda bn Hajar ya ambaci kalamin bn Hatam dangane da shi cewa .... ba a kafa Hujja da shi"
sannan kuma daga cikinsa akwai Muhamma bn Bashar, shima Malumaman Hadisi sun bayyana shi da cewa yana da rauni. Mukaddimatul fathul bari 437 mizanil i' itdal 3:452.
Daga wannan bayanai da suka gabata zamu iya fahimtar rashin ingancin wannan hadisi, don hak ba zata iya zama hujja ba.
2- wannan ruway ta saba wa ingantattun hadisai mutawatirai daga manzo(S.a.w.a.) wadan da muka ambace baya. Kana kuma ya saba wa wani ingantaccen hadisi da aka karbo ibn Abbas da kuma wani da aka amso daga ibn Jubair wadan da fili suke nuni da cewa :Imama Ali,Fatima ,Hassan,Da husain su ake nufi da zuriyar Manzo cikin wannan aya.çYanbiàul muwadda:1:215/216 da Atfsiru Razi :27:165.
Sannan kuma ayar a Madina a kasaukar da itabaàa Makka ba kamar yadda ruwayoyi suka nuna ,don haka tana magana ne da dukkan musulmai ba wai kawai kuraishawa ba.
Magana ta miyu: Cea ma'anar makusanta cikin ayar shi ne kusanci ga Allah sannan abin nufi da soyayya ga makusanta shi ne soyayya gare shi madaukakin sarki ta hanyar da a da kuma kusanci.Don haka ma'nar ayar ita ce :ban tambaye ku koami ba danga ne da shi sai sai daiku so shi madaukakin sarki ta hanyar kusanci gare shi.
Masu irin wannan raàayi suna dogara ne da wta ruwaya da aka jingina ta ga ibn Abbas daga manzon Allah cewa ka ce ani bana tambayarku komai a kansa (abin da na zo muku da shi)face dai ku dada kusanci zuwa ga Alla ta'ala ta hanayar yi masa biyayya. Taafsiru Razi 27:165.
To daga wannan kalami muna iya fahimtar wasu alàamura akamar haka:
1-Isnadin da wannan ruwaya ta dogara da shi mairauni ne kamar yadda Ibn Hajar ya bayyana. Fathul Bari8:458
2-A harshen Larabci ba inda ake amfani da kalmar makusanta(kurba)a matsayin kusanci.(takarrub)
3- kusan ga Allah shi ne aslin ma'anar wannan sako na musulunci da kuma abin da ya kunsa, don hak yaya manzon Allah s.a.w.a zai nemi kusanci ga Allah Taàala don neman kusanci ga Allah?Hakika wannan al'amari ne da ya saba wa hankali, don haka zai sanya ladan da kuma abin da ake neman ladan a kan sa ya zama guda.
Hakika a cikin wannan aya akwai wasu maganganu guda biyu kuma wadanda suke kore wadananna abubuwa da muka ambata a baya, don haka fdaga abin da ya gabata zamu iya fahimtar cewa abin da ake nufi da da soyayya ga makusanta , shi ne soyayya ga makusantan Annanbi(s.a.w.a) su ne kuwa Ahlulbait (a.s)hakiaka akwai ruwayoyi daga dukkan bangarorin sunnan da shi'a da suke bayanin tafsirin wannan aya kamar yadda muka fadi a farkon wanna fasali, bugu da kari kan ingantattun ruwayoyi daga dukkan bangarorin biyu da suke nuni da wajibcin son Ahlulbait(a.s) da kuma mika wuya gare su.
Hakika dubi da nazari irin wannan ta'akidi kan tabbatuwar soyayya ga makusanta da kuma kasantuwarsu matattaran soyayya, sannan da kuma sake yin wani nazari cikin ingattatun ruwayoyi da dukkan wadannan bangarori biyu suka tabbatar da su da suke kiran mutane ga komawa ga Ahlulbait a.s wajn fahimtar littafin Allah da abin da ya kunsa na ilimi, gaskiya da kuma asasin wannan addinina musulunci, kamar Hadisin "sakalaini" da kuma Hadisin "Safina" da dai sauransu, to lallai babu shakka za'a iya fahimatar cewa wajabta son su (a.s) da aka yi akan dukkan musulmi da kumasanya shi ladan wannan sakon da Manzon Allah (s.a.wa._ ya zo da shi, wata hanya ce ta komar da mutane gare su saboda irin matsayin da suke da shi da kuma bayanin matsayinsu da kuma gudummuarsu da zasu iya bayarwa cikin rayuwar al'umma.