Jahad
وجوب الجهاد في سبيل الله
النوع الأول :
ما يدل علی وجوب القتال والجهاد مع الکفار في الاسلام في الجملة ، و فيه آيات :
الأولی : قوله تعالی :
کُتبَ عليکم القتال و هو کُره لکم و عسی أن تکرهوا شيئاً و هو خير لکم و عسی أن تحبّوا شيئاً و هو شرّ لکم و الله يعلم و أنتم لا تعلمون .
Fighting is prescribed for you, and ye dislike it. But it is possible that ye dislike a thing which is good for you, and that ye love a thing which is bad for you. But Allah knoweth, and ye know not.
(AL-BAQARA-216)
الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
و قاتلوهم حتی لا تکون فتنة و يکون الدين للّه و إن انتهوا فلا عدوان إلا علی الظالمين .
And fight them on until there is no more Tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah; but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practise oppression.
(AL-BAQARA-193)
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها الذين آمنوا خذوا حِذرکم فانفروا ثبات أو انفروا جميعا ... ـ الی قوله تعالی ـ : فليقاتل في سبيل الله الذين يشرون الحياة الدنيا بالآخرة و من يقاتل في سبيل الله فيقتل أو يغلب فسوف نؤتيه أجراً عظيما * و ما لکم لا تقاتلون في سبيل الله و المستضعفين من الرجال و النساء والولدان الذين يقولون ربنا أخرجنا من هذه القرية الظالم أهلها و اجعل لنا من لدنک وليّا و اجعل لنا من لدنک نصيرا * الذين آمنوا يقاتلون في سبيل الله و الذين کفروا يقاتلون في سبيل الطاغوت فقاتلوا أولياء الشيطان إنّ کيد الشيطان کان ضعيفا ... ـ الی قوله تعالی ـ : أينما تکونوا يدرککم الموت .
O ye who believe! Take your precautions, and either go forth in parties or go forth all together.
There are certainly among you men who would tarry behind: If a misfortune befalls you, they say: "Allah did favour us in that we were not present among them."
But if good fortune comes to you from Allah, they would be sure to say - as if there had never been Ties of affection between you and them - "Oh! I wish I had been with them; a fine thing should I then have made of it!"
Let those fight in the cause of Allah Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter. To him who fighteth in the cause of Allah,- whether he is slain or gets victory - Soon shall We give him a reward of great (value).
And why should ye not fight in the cause of Allah and of those who, being weak, are ill-treated (and oppressed)?- Men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from this town, whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from thee one who will protect; and raise for us from thee one who will help!"
Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah, and those who reject Faith Fight in the cause of Evil: So fight ye against the friends of Satan: feeble indeed is the cunning of Satan.
Hast thou not turned Thy vision to those who were told to hold back their hands (from fight) but establish regular prayers and spend in regular charity? When (at length) the order for fighting was issued to them, behold! a section of them feared men as - or even more than - they should have feared Allah: They said: "Our Lord! Why hast Thou ordered us to fight? Wouldst Thou not Grant us respite to our (natural) term, near (enough)?" Say: "Short is the enjoyment of this world: the Hereafter is the best for those who do right: Never will ye be dealt with unjustly in the very least!
"Wherever ye are, death will find you out, even if ye are in towers built up strong and high!" If some good befalls them, they say, "This is from Allah"; but if evil, they say, "This is from thee" (O Prophet). Say: "All things are from Allah." But what hath come to these people, that they fail to understand a single fact?
(AN-NISA-71 & 72 & 73 & 74 & 75 & 76 & 77 & 78)
الرابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
فقاتل في سبيل الله لا تکلّف إلا نفسک و حرّض المؤمنين عسی الله أن يکفّ بأس الذين کفروا والله أشد بأساً و أشدّ تنکيلا .
Then fight in Allah's cause - Thou art held responsible only for thyself - and rouse the believers. It may be that Allah will restrain the fury of the Unbelievers; for Allah is the strongest in might and in punishment.
(AN-NISA-84)
استثناء في الجهاد
الخامسة ـ قوله تعالی :
... فان توّلوا فخدوهم واقتلوهم حيث وجدتموهم و لا تتخذوا منهم ولياً و لا نصيرا * إلا الذين يَصلون الی قوم بينکم و بينهم ميثاق أو جاءوکم حصِرت صدورهم أن يُقاتلوکم أويُقاتلوا قومهم و لو شاء الله لسلّطهم علي:م فلقاتلوکم فان اعتزلوکم فلم يقاتلوکم و ألقوا اليکم السَلَمَ فما جعل لکم عليهم سبيلا * ستجدون آخرين يريدون أن يأمنوکم و يأمنوا قومهم کلّما ردّوا الی الفتنة أرکسوا فيها فان لم يعتزلوکم و يلقوا اليکم السَلَم و يکفّوا أيديهم فخذوهم و اقتلوهم حيث ثقفموهم و أولئکم جعلنا لکم عليهم سلطاناً مبيناً .
They but wish that ye should reject Faith, as they do, and thus be on the same footing (as they): But take not friends from their ranks until they flee in the way of Allah (From what is forbidden). But if they turn renegades, seize them and slay them wherever ye find them; and (in any case) take no friends or helpers from their ranks;-
Except those who join a group between whom and you there is a treaty (of peace), or those who approach you with hearts restraining them from fighting you as well as fighting their own people. If Allah had pleased, He could have given them power over you, and they would have fought you: Therefore if they withdraw from you but fight you not, and (instead) send you (Guarantees of) peace, then Allah Hath opened no way for you (to war against them).
Others you will find that wish to gain your confidence as well as that of their people: Every time they are sent back to temptation, they succumb thereto: if they withdraw not from you nor give you (guarantees) of peace besides restraining their hands, seize them and slay them wherever ye get them: In their case We have provided you with a clear argument against them.
(AN-NISA-89 & 90 & 91)
السقاية و العمارة أم الجهاد
السادسة ـ قوله تعالی :
أجعلتم سِقاية الحاجّ و عِمارة المسجد الحرام کمن آمن بالله و اليوم الآخر و جاهد في سبيل الله لا يستون عندالله و الله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين * الذين آمنوا و هاجروا و جاهدوا في سبيل الله بأموالهم و أنفسهم أعظم درجة عند الله و أولئک هم الفائزون ـ الی قوله تعالی ـ : قُل إن کان آباؤکم و ابناؤکم و اخوانکم و أزواجکم و عشيرتکم و أموال اقترفتموها و تجارة تخشون کسادها و مساکن ترضونها أحب اليکم من الله و رسوله و جهاد في سبيله فتربّصوا حتی يأتي الله بأمره و الله لا يهدي القوم الفاسقين .
Do ye make the giving of drink to pilgrims, or the maintenance of the Sacred Mosque, equal to (the pious service of) those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and strive with might and main in the cause of Allah? They are not comparable in the sight of Allah: and Allah guides not those who do wrong.
Those who believe, and suffer exile and strive with might and main, in Allah's cause, with their goods and their persons, have the highest rank in the sight of Allah: they are the people who will achieve (salvation).
Their Lord doth give them glad tidings of a Mercy from Himself, of His good pleasure, and of gardens for them, wherein are delights that endure:
They will dwell therein for ever. Verily in Allah's presence is a reward, the greatest (of all).
O ye who believe! take not for protectors your fathers and your brothers if they love infidelity above Faith: if any of you do so, they do wrong.
Say: If it be that your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your mates, or your kindred; the wealth that ye have gained; the commerce in which ye fear a decline: or the dwellings in which ye delight - are dearer to you than Allah, or His Messenger, or the striving in His cause;- then wait until Allah brings about His decision: and Allah guides not the rebellious.
(AL-TAWBA-19 & 20 & 21 & 22 & 23 & 24)
الأمر بالقتال
السابعة ـ قله تعالی :
قاتلوا الذين لا يؤمنون بالله و لا باليوم الآخر و لا يحرِّمون ما حرّم الله و رسوله و لا يدينون دين الحق من الذين أوتوا الکتاب حتی يعطوا الجزية عن يدٍ و هم صاغرون .
Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.
(AL-TAWBA-29)
النفير للجهاد
الثامنة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها الذين آمنوا مالکم اذا قيل لکم انفروا في سبيل الله اثّاقلتم الی الأرض أرضيتم بالحياة الدنيا من الآخرة فما متاع الحياة الدنيا في الآخرة إلا قليل ، إلّا تنفروا يعذّکم عذاباً أليماً و يستبدل قوماً غيرکم و لا تضرّوه شيئاً و الله علی کل شيء قدير * ـ الی قوله تعالی ـ : إنفروا خفافاً و ثقالاً و جاهدوا بأموالکم و أنفسکم في سبيل الله ذلکم خي رلکم إن کنتم تعلمون » . .
O ye who believe! what is the matter with you, that, when ye are asked to go forth in the cause of Allah, ye cling heavily to the earth? Do ye prefer the life of this world to the Hereafter? But little is the comfort of this life, as compared with the Hereafter.
Unless ye go forth, He will punish you with a grievous penalty, and put others in your place; but Him ye would not harm in the least. For Allah hath power over all things.
If ye help not (your leader), (it is no matter): for Allah did indeed help him, when the Unbelievers drove him out: he had no more than one companion; they two were in the cave, and he said to his companion, "Have no fear, for Allah is with us": then Allah sent down His peace upon him, and strengthened him with forces which ye saw not, and humbled to the depths the word of the Unbelievers. But the word of Allah is exalted to the heights: for Allah is Exalted in might, Wise.
Go ye forth, (whether equipped) lightly or heavily, and strive and struggle, with your goods and your persons, in the cause of Allah. That is best for you, if ye (but) knew.
(AL-TAWBA-38 & 39 & 40 & 41)
الفرق بين المتربّصين
التاسعة ـ قوله تعلی :
قُل هل تربّصون بنا إلا إحدی الحسنيين و نحن نتربّص بکم ان يصيبکم الله بعذاب من عنده أو بأيدينا فتربّصوا إنّا معکم خمتربّصون .
Say: "Can you expect for us (any fate) other than one of two glorious things- (Martyrdom or victory)? But we can expect for you either that Allah will send his punishment from Himself, or by our hands. So wait (expectant); we too will wait with you."
(AL-TAWBA-52)
التشديد في الجهاد
العاشرة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها النبيّ جاهد الکفّار و المنافقين و اغلظ عليهم و مأواهم جهنم و بئس المصير .
O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers and the Hypocrites, and be firm against them. Their abode is Hell,- an evil refuge indeed.
(AL-TAWBA-73)
التقوی و الوسيلة في الجهاد
الحادية عشرة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله و ابتغوا اليه الوسيلة و جاهدوا في سبيله لعلّکم تفلحون .
O ye who believe! Do your duty to Allah, seek the means of approach unto Him, and strive with might and main in his cause: that ye may prosper.
(AL-MAEDA-35)
ما يشير الی وجوب الجهاد
الأولی ـ قوله تعالی :
فرح المخلّفون بمقعدهم خلاف رسول الله و کرهوا أن يجاهدوا بأموالهم و أنفسهم في سبيل الله و قالوا لا تنفروا في الحرّ قل نار جهنم أشدّ حرّاً لو کانوا يفقهون .
Those who were left behind (in the Tabuk expedition) rejoiced in their inaction behind the back of the Messenger of Allah: they hated to strive and fight, with their goods and their persons, in the cause of Allah: they said, "Go not forth in the heat." Say, "The fire of Hell is fiercer in heat." If only they could understand!
(AL-TAWBA-81)
الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
و اذا أُنزلت سورة ان آمنوا بالله و جاهدوا مع رسوله استأذنک أولو الطول منهم و قالوا ذرنا نکن مع القاعدين .
When a Sura comes down, enjoining them to believe in Allah and to strive and fight along with His Messenger, those with wealth and influence among them ask thee for exemption, and say: "Leave us (behind): we would be with those who sit (at home)."
They prefer to be with (the women), who remain behind (at home): their hearts are sealed and so they understand not.
(AL-TAWBA-86 & 87)
بعد نفي الحرج عن الذين لا يجدون ما ينفقون في سبيل الله من وسائل الحرب و أدواتها ، من الضعفاء الذين کانوا يأتون الرسول (صلی الله عليه و آله) ليحملهم علی وسائط النقل ، فيقول لهم (صلی الله عليه و آله و سلم) : لا أجد ما أحملکم عليه ، فيتولون و أعينهم تفيض من الدمع حزناً ..
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
( إنما السبيل علی الذين يستأذنونک وهم أغنياء رضوا بأن يکونوا مع الخوالف و طبع الله علی قلوبهم فهم لا يعلمون ) .
The ground (of complaint) is against such as claim exemption while they are rich. They prefer to stay with the (women) who remain behind: Allah hath sealed their hearts; so they know not (What they miss).
AL-TAWBA
الرابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
ما کان لأهل المدينة و من حولهم من الأعراب أن يتخلّفوا عن رسول الله و لا يرغبوا بأنفسهم عن نفسه ... .
It was not fitting for the people of Medina and the Bedouin Arabs of the neighbourhood, to refuse to follow Allah's Messenger, nor to prefer their own lives to his: because nothing could they suffer or do, but was reckoned to their credit as a deed of righteousness,- whether they suffered thirst, or fatigue, or hunger, in the cause of Allah, or trod paths to raise the ire of the Unbelievers, or received any injury whatever from an enemy: for Allah suffereth not the reward to be lost of those who do good;-
AL-TAWBA
الخامسة ـ قوله تعالی :
ان الله إشتری من المؤمنين أنفسهم و أموالهم بأنّ لهم الجنة يقاتلون في سبيل الله فَيَقتُلون وَ يُقتَلون وعداً عليه حقاً في التوارة و الانجيل و القرآن و من أوفی بعهده من الله فاستبشروا ببيعکم الذي بايعتم به و ذلک هو الفوز العظيم .
Allah hath purchased of the believers their persons and their goods; for theirs (in return) is the garden (of Paradise): they fight in His cause, and slay and are slain: a promise binding on Him in truth, through the Law, the Gospel, and the Qur'an: and who is more faithful to his covenant than Allah? then rejoice in the bargain which ye have concluded: that is the achievement supreme.
AL-TAWBA
السادسة ـ قوله تعالی :
فلاتطع الکافرين وجاهدهم به جهاداً کبيراً .
Therefore listen not to the Unbelievers, but strive against them with the utmost strenuousness, with the (Qur'an).
AL-FURQAN
تفضيل المجاهدين
السابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
لا يستوی القاعدون من المؤمنين غير أُولي الضرر و المجاهدون في سبيل الهل بأموالهم و أنفسهم فضّل الله المجاهدين بأموالهم و أنفسهم علی القاعدين درجة وکلاً وعد الله الحسنی و فضّل الله المجاهدين علی القاعدين أجراً عظيما * درجات منه و مغفرة و رحمة و کان الله غفوراً رحيما .
Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and receive no hurt, and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah with their goods and their persons. Allah hath granted a grade higher to those who strive and fight with their goods and persons than to those who sit (at home). Unto all (in Faith) Hath Allah promised good: But those who strive and fight Hath He distinguished above those who sit (at home) by a special reward,-
Ranks specially bestowed by Him, and Forgiveness and Mercy. For Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
AN-NISA
کيفيّة القتال
النوع الثاني :
في الآيات الراجعة الی کيفية القتال ، و فيه آيات :
الاولی : قوله تعالی :
و أعدّوا لهم ما استطعتم من قوة و من رباط الخيل تُرهبون به دوّ الله و عدوّکم و آخرين من دونهم لا تعلمونهم الله يعلمهم و ما تنفقوا من شيءٍ في سبيل الله يوفّ اليکم و أنتم لا تظلمون .
Against them make ready your strength to the utmost of your power, including steeds of war, to strike terror into (the hearts of) the enemies, of Allah and your enemies, and others besides, whom ye may not know, but whom Allah doth know. Whatever ye shall spend in the cause of Allah, shall be repaid unto you, and ye shall not be treated unjustly.
AL-ANFAL
الصبر و المثابرة
الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيُّها النبيّ حرّض المؤمنين علی القتالإن يکن منکم عشرون صابرون يغلبوا مائتين و إن يکن منکم ماثة يغلبوا ألفاً من الذين کفروا بأنهم قوم لا يفقهون * الآن خفف اله عنکم و عَلِمَ أن فيکم ضعفاً فان يکن منکم مائة صابرة يغلبوا مائتين و إن يکن منکم ألف يغلبوا ألفين باذن الله و الله مع الصابرين .
O Prophet! rouse the Believers to the fight. If there are twenty amongst you, patient and persevering, they will vanquish two hundred: if a hundred, they will vanquish a thousand of the Unbelievers: for these are a people without understanding.
For the present, Allah hath lightened your (task), for He knoweth that there is a weak spot in you: But (even so), if there are a hundred of you, patient and persevering, they will vanquish two hundred, and if a thousand, they will vanquish two thousand, with the leave of Allah: for Allah is with those who patiently persevere.
AL-ANFAL
بأس الحديد
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
لقدأرسلنا رسلنا بالبينات و أنزلنا معهم الکتاب و الميزان ليقومالناس بالقسط و أنزلنا الحديد فيه بأس شديد و منافع للناس و ليعلم الله من ينصره و رسله بالغيب إنّ الله قويٌّ عزيز .
We sent aforetime our messengers with Clear Signs and sent down with them the Book and the Balance (of Right and Wrong), that men may stand forth in justice; and We sent down Iron, in which is (material for) mighty war, as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help, Unseen, Him and His messengers: For Allah is Full of Strength, Exalted in Might (and able to enforce His Will).
AL-HADID
الترابط في القتال
الرابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
إنّ الله يحبّ الذين يُقاتلون في سبيله صفّاً کأنهم بنيانٌ مرصوص .
Truly Allah loves those who fight in His Cause in battle array, as if they were a solid cemented structure.
AS-SAFF
العنف في القتال مع التقوی
الخامسة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيّها الذين آمنوا قاتلوا الذين يلونکم من الکفّار و ليجدوا فيکم غلظة و اعلموا أن الله مع المتقين .
O ye who believe! fight the unbelievers who gird you about, and let them find firmness in you: and know that Allah is with those who fear Him.
AL-TAWBA
کيفية الحرب و الأسر
السادسة ـ قوله تعالی :
فاذا لقيتم الذين کفروا فضرب الرقاب حتی اذا أثخنتموهم فشدّوا الوثاق فإما منّا بعدُ و إمّا فداء حتی تضع الحرب أوزارها ذلک و لو يشاء الله لا نتصر منهم و لکن ليبلو بعضکم ببعض و الذين قتلوا في سبيل الله فلن يضلّ أعمالهم .
Therefore, when ye meet the Unbelievers (in fight), smite at their necks; At length, when ye have thoroughly subdued them, bind a bond firmly (on them): thereafter (is the time for) either generosity or ransom: Until the war lays down its burdens. Thus (are ye commanded): but if it had been Allah's Will, He could certainly have exacted retribution from them (Himself); but (He lets you fight) in order to test you, some with others. But those who are slain in the Way of Allah,- He will never let their deeds be lost.
MUHAMMAD
حرمة الفرار من الحرب
السابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا لقيتم الذين کفروا زحفاً فلاتولّوهم الأدبار * و من يولّهم يومئذٍ دبره إلا متحرّفاً لقتال أو متحيّزاً الی فئة فقد باء بغضب من الله ومأواه جهنم و بئس المصير .
O ye who believe! when ye meet the Unbelievers in hostile array, never turn your backs to them.
If any do turn his back to them on such a day - unless it be in a stratagem of war, or to retreat to a troop (of his own)- he draws on himself the wrath of Allah, and his abode is Hell,- an evil refuge (indeed)!
AL-ANFAL
الثبات و عدم التنازع
الثامنة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا لقيتم فئة فاثبتوا و اذکروا الله کثيراً لعلّکم تُفلحون * و أطيعوا الله و رسوله و لا تنازعوا فتفشلوا و تذهب ريحکم و اصبروا إن الله مع الصابرين .
O ye who believe! When ye meet a force, be firm, and call Allah in remembrance much (and often); that ye may prosper:
And obey Allah and His Messenger; and fall into no disputes, lest ye lose heart and your power depart; and be patient and persevering: For Allah is with those who patiently persevere:
AL-ANFAL
التاسعة ـ قوله تعالی :
فلاتهنوا و تدعوا الی السلم و أنتم الأعلون و الله معکم و لن يترکم أعمالکم .
Be not weary and faint-hearted, crying for peace, when ye should be uppermost: for Allah is with you, and will never put you in loss for your (good) deeds.
MUHAMMAD
الإجابة الی السلم الحقّ
العاشرة ـ قوله تعالی :
و إن جنحوا للسلم فاجنح لها و توکّل علی الله إنه هو السميع العليم * و ان يريدوا أن يخدوعوک فان حسبک الله هو الذي أيّدک بنصره و بالمؤمنين .
But if the enemy incline towards peace, do thou (also) incline towards peace, and trust in Allah: for He is One that heareth and knoweth (all things).
Should they intend to deceive thee,- verily Allah sufficeth thee: He it is That hath strengthened thee with His aid and with (the company of) the Believers;
AL-ANFAL
الفحص قبل ردّ السلم
الحادية عشرة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها الذين آمنوا اذا ضربتم في سبيل الله فتبيّنوا و لا تقولوا لمن ألقی اليکم السلام لست مؤمناً تبتغون عرض الحياة الدنيا فعند الله مغانم کثيرة کذلک کنتم من قبل فمنّ الله عليکم فتبيّنوا ان الله کان بما تعلمون خبيرا .
O ye who believe! When ye go abroad in the cause of Allah, investigate carefully, and say not to any one who offers you a salutation: "Thou art none of a believer!" Coveting the perishable goods of this life: with Allah are profits and spoils abundant. Even thus were ye yourselves before, till Allah conferred on you His favours: Therefore carefully investigate. For Allah is well aware of all that ye do.
AN-NISA
شرعية معاهدة الکفّار
الثانية عشرة ـ قوله تعالی :
إنّ شرّ الدّوابّ عندالله الذين کفروا فهم لا يؤمنون * الذي« عاهدت منهم ثم ينقضون عهدهم في کل مرّة و هم لا يتّقون * فإمّا تثقفنّهم في الحرب فشرّد بهم من خلفهم لعلهم يذکرون و إما تخافنّ من قوم خيانة فانبذ اليهم علی سواء إنّ الله لا يحب الخائنين .
For the worst of beasts in the sight of Allah are those who reject Him: They will not believe.
They are those with whom thou didst make a covenant, but they break their covenant every time, and they have not the fear (of Allah).
If ye gain the mastery over them in war, disperse, with them, those who follow them, that they may remember.
If thou fearest treachery from any group, throw back (their covenant) to them, (so as to be) on equal terms: for Allah loveth not the treacherous.
AL-ANFAL
الاستجارة
الثالثة عشرة ـ قوله تعالی :
و إن أحد من المشرکين استجارک فأجره حتی يسمع کلامالله ثم أبلغه مأمنه ذلک بأنهم قوم لا يعلمون .
If one amongst the Pagans ask thee for asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the word of Allah; and then escort him to where he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge.
AL-TAWBA
الجهاد کما يريده الله تعالی
الرابعة عشرة ـ قوله تعالی :
و جاهدوا في الله حق جهاده هو اجتباکم و ما جعل عليکم في الدين من حرج ملّة أبيکم ابراهيم .
And strive in His cause as ye ought to strive, (with sincerity and under discipline). He has chosen you, and has imposed no difficulties on you in religion; it is the cult of your father Abraham. It is He Who has named you Muslims, both before and in this (Revelation); that the Messenger may be a witness for you, and ye be witnesses for mankind! So establish regular Prayer, give regular Charity, and hold fast to Allah! He is your Protector - the Best to protect and the Best to help!
AL-HAJJ
ظروف القتال
النوع الثالث :
في آيات تدل علی وقت الجهاد و زمن القتال :
أولها ـ قوله تعالی :
يسألونک عن الشهر الحرام قتالٌ فيه قُل قتال فيه کبير و صدٌّ عن سبيل الله و کفر به .. و المسجد الحرام و اخراج اهله منه أکبر عندالله .
They ask thee concerning fighting in the Prohibited Month. Say: "Fighting therein is a grave (offence); but graver is it in the sight of Allah to prevent access to the path of Allah, to deny Him, to prevent access to the Sacred Mosque, and drive out its members." Tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter. Nor will they cease fighting you until they turn you back from your faith if they can. And if any of you Turn back from their faith and die in unbelief, their works will bear no fruit in this life and in the Hereafter; they will be companions of the Fire and will abide therein.
AL-BAQARA
ثانيها ـ قوله تعالی :
فاذا انسلخ الأشهر الحرم فاقتلوا المشرکين حيث وجدتموهم وخذوهم و احصروهم واقعدوا لهم کل مرصد فان تابوا و أقاموا الصلاة و آتوا الزکاة فخلّوا سبيلهم إنّ الله غفور رحيم .
But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, an seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
AL-TAWBA
و ثالثها ـ قوله تعالی :
إنّ عدّة الشهور عندالله إثنا عشر شهراً في کتاب الله يوم خلق السماوات و الارض منها أربعة حرم ذلک الدين القيّم فلا تظلموا فيهنّ أنفسکم و قاتلوا المشرکين کافة کما يقاتلونکم کافة و اعلموا أن الله مع المتـّـقين * إنما النَسيء زيادة في الکفر يضلّ به الذين کفروا يحلّونه عاماً و يحرِّمونه عاماً و يحرِّمونه عاماً ليواطئوا عدّة ما حرّم الله فيُحلّوا ما حرّم الله زُين لهم سوء أعمالهم و الله لا يهدي القوم الکافرين .
The number of months in the sight of Allah is twelve (in a year)- so ordained by Him the day He created the heavens and the earth; of them four are sacred: that is the straight usage. So wrong not yourselves therein, and fight the Pagans all together as they fight you all together. But know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves.
Verily the transposing (of a prohibited month) is an addition to Unbelief: the Unbelievers are led to wrong thereby: for they make it lawful one year, and forbidden another year, in order to adjust the number of months forbidden by Allah and make such forbidden ones lawful. The evil of their course seems pleasing to them. But Allah guideth not those who reject Faith.
AL-TAWBA
الأمر بالقتال عند نقض العهد
و رابعها ـ قوله تعالی
و ان نکثوا أيمانهم من بعد عهدهم وطعنوا في دينکم فقاتلوا أئمة الکفر إنهم لا أيمان لهم لعلهم ينتهون * ألا تقاتلون قوماً نکثوا أيمانهم و همّوا باخراج الرسول و هم بدءوکم أول مرّة أتخشونهم فالله أحق أن تخشوه إن کنتم مؤمنين * مؤمنين .
But if they violate their oaths after their covenant, and taunt you for your Faith,- fight ye the chiefs of Unfaith: for their oaths are nothing to them: that thus they may be restrained.
Will ye not fight people who violated their oaths, plotted to expel the Messenger, and took the aggressive by being the first (to assault) you? Do ye fear them? Nay, it is Allah Whom ye should more justly fear, if ye believe!
Fight them, and Allah will punish them by your hands, cover them with shame, help you (to victory) over them, heal the breasts of Believers,
AL-TAWBA
الدفاع
الأولی ـ قوله تعالی :
... و لو لا دفع الله الناس بعضهم ببعض لهُدّمت صوامع و بيع و صلوات و مساجد يُذکر فيها اسم الله کثيراً و ليَنصُرنَّ الله من ينصره إنّ الله لقويٌ عزيز .
They are) those who have been expelled from their homes in defiance of right,- (for no cause) except that they say, "our Lord is Allah". Did not Allah check one set of people by means of another, there would surely have been pulled down monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, in which the name of Allah is commemorated in abundant measure. Allah will certainly aid those who aid his (cause);- for verily Allah is full of Strength, Exalted in Might, (able to enforce His Will).
AL-HAJJ
و الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
و لو لا دفع الله الناس بعضهم ببعض لفسدت الأرض و لکن الله ذو فضل علی العالمين .
By Allah's will they routed them; and David slew Goliath; and Allah gave him power and wisdom and taught him whatever (else) He willed. And did not Allah Check one set of people by means of another, the earth would indeed be full of mischief: But Allah is full of bounty to all the worlds.
AL-BAQARA
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
الشهر الحرام بالشهر الحرام والحرمات قصاص فمن اعتدی عليکم فاعتدوا عليه بمثل ما اعتدی عليکم و اتقوا الله و اعلموا أن الله مع المتقين .
And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah, and make not your own hands contribute to (your) destruction; but do good; for Allah loveth those who do good.
AL-BAQARA
الرابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
و قاتلوا في سبيل الله الذين يقاتلونکم و لا تعتدوا إنّ الله لا يحبّ المعتدين * و اقتلوهم حيث ثقفتموهم و اخرجوهم من حيث أخرجوکم و الفتنة أشدّ من القتل و لا تقاتلوهم عند المسجد الحرام حتی يقاتلوکم فيه فإن قاتلوکم فاقتلوهم کذلک جزاء الکافرين .
Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for Allah loveth not transgressors.
And slay them wherever ye catch them, and turn them out from where they have Turned you out; for tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter; but fight them not at the Sacred Mosque, unless they (first) fight you there; but if they fight you, slay them. Such is the reward of those who suppress faith.
AL-BAQARA