Haj
النوع الأول ؛ ما يدل علی أن الحج کان من شعائر الله تعالی من قبل ، اي منذ زمن ابراهيم (عليه السلام) حيث کان ملّة حنيفاً حين وضع البيت ، و فيه آيات :
الأولی ـ قوله تعالی :
إنّ أول بيت وضع للناس للذي ببکة مبارکاً و هدیّ للعالمين * فيه آيات بينات مقام ابراهيم .
The first House (of worship) appointed for men was that at Bakka: Full of blessing and of guidance for all kinds of beings:
In it are Signs Manifest; (for example), the Station of Abraham; whoever enters it attains security; Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah,- those who can afford the journey; but if any deny faith, Allah stands not in need of any of His creatures.
(AL-E-IMRAN-96 & 97)
الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
و إذ بوّأنا لإبراهيم مکان البيت أن لا تشرک بي شيئاً و طهّر بيتي للطائفين و القائمين و الرکّع السجود .
Behold! We gave the site, to Abraham, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer).
(AL-HAJJ-26)
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
و إذ جَعلنا البيت مثابة للناس و أمناً و اتخِذوا من مقام ابراهيم مُصلّی و عَهِدنا الی ابراهيم و اسماعيل أن طهِّرا بيتيَ للطائفين و العاکفين و الرُکَّع السجود .
Remember We made the House a place of assembly for men and a place of safety; and take ye the station of Abraham as a place of prayer; and We covenanted with Abraham and Isma'il, that they should sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or use it as a retreat, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer).
(AL-BAQARA-125)
الرابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
و إذ قال ابراهيم ربِّ اجعل هذا البلد آمناً واجنبي و بنيّ أن نعبد الأصنام ... ربنا اني أسکنت من ذريتي بوادٍ غير ذي زرع عند بيتک المحرّم ربنا ليُقيموا الصلاة فاجعل أفئدة من الناس تهوي اليهم و ارزقهم من الثمرات لعلهم يشکرون .
36. "O my Lord! they have indeed led astray many among mankind; He then who follows my (ways) is of me, and he that disobeys me,- but Thou art indeed Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
38. "O our Lord! truly Thou dost know what we conceal and what we reveal: for nothing whatever is hidden from Allah, whether on earth or in heaven.
(IBRAHIM-36 & 38)
الحج و العمرة قيامٌ للناس
الخامسة ـ قوله تعالی :
جعل الله الکعبة البيت الحرام قياماً للناس و الشهر الحرام و الهدي و القلائد ذلک لتعلموا أن الله يعلم ما في السماوات و ما في الأرض و ان الله بکل شيء عليم .
(المائدة [5] الآية [97])
Allah made the Ka'ba, the Sacred House, an asylum of security for men, as also the Sacred Months, the animals for offerings, and the garlands that mark them: That ye may know that Allah hath knowledge of what is in the heavens and on earth and that Allah is well acquainted with all things.
(AL-MAEDA-97)
الصدّ عن الحجّ والعمرة
الخامسة ـ قوله تعالی :
إن الذين کفروا و يصُدّون عن سبيل الهل و المسجد الحرام الذي جعلناه للناس سواءً العاکف فيه والباد و من يُرد فيه بإلحادٍ بظلم نُذِقة من عذاب أليم .
As to those who have rejected (Allah), and would keep back (men) from the Way of Allah, and from the Sacred Mosque, which We have made (open) to (all) men - equal is the dweller there and the visitor from the country - and any whose purpose therein is profanity or wrong-doing - them will We cause to taste of a most Grievous Penalty.
(AL-HAJJ-25)
وجوب الحج
النوع الثاني ؛ ما يدل علی أصل وجوب الحج و محبوبيّته بطبعه في الاسلام ، و فيه آيات :
الأولی ـ قوله تعالی :
يسألونک عن الأهلّة قل هي مواقيت لناس و الحج و ليس البرّ بأن تأتوا البيوت من ظهورها و لکن البرّ من اتّقی و أتوا البيوت من أبوابها و اتقوا الله لعلکم تفلحون .
As to those who have rejected (Allah), and would keep back (men) from the Way of Allah, and from the Sacred Mosque, which We have made (open) to (all) men - equal is the dweller there and the visitor from the country - and any whose purpose therein is profanity or wrong-doing - them will We cause to taste of a most Grievous Penalty.
(AL-HAJJ-25)
الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
... ولله علی الناس حجّ البيت من استطاع اليه سبيلاً و من کفر فان الله غنيٌ عن العالمين .
In it are Signs Manifest; (for example), the Station of Abraham; whoever enters it attains security; Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah,- those who can afford the journey; but if any deny faith, Allah stands not in need of any of His creatures.
(AL-E-IMRAN-97)
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
و إذِّن في الناس بالحج يأتوک رجالاً و علی کل ضامر يأتين من کل فجٍّ عميق .
"And proclaim the Pilgrimage among men: they will come to thee on foot and (mounted) on every kind of camel, lean on account of journeys through deep and distant mountain highways;
(AL-HAJJ-27)
مناسک الحج
النوع الثالث ؛ ما يدل علی مناسک الحج و ما يجب عند حج البيت و زيارته ، و کيف يُؤدی ذلک الشعار العظيم في الاسلام ، و علی اي وجه وبأيّة کيفية تکون ، و فيه آيات :
الأولی ـ قوله تعالی :
... ليشهدوا منافع لهم و يذکروا اسم الله في أيام معلومات علی مارزقهم من بهيمة الأنعام فکلوا منها و اطعموا البائس الفقير * ثم ليقضوا تَفَثَهم و ليفوا نذورهم و ليطّوّفوا بالبيت العتيق .
"That they may witness the benefits (provided) for them, and celebrate the name of Allah, through the Days appointed, over the cattle which He has provided for them (for sacrifice): then eat ye thereof and feed the distressed ones in want.
"Then let them complete the rites prescribed for them, perform their vows, and (again) circumambulate the Ancient House."
(AL-Hajj-28 & 29)
الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
و أتمّوا الحج و العمرة لله فان أُحصرتم فما استیسر من الهدي و لا تحلقوا رؤوسکم حتی يبلغ الهديُ محِلة فمن کان منکم مريضاً أو به أذی من رأسه ففدية من صيام أو صدقة أو نُسک فاذا أمنتم فمن تمتع بالعمرة الی الحج فما استيسر من الهدي فمن لم يجد فصيام ثلاثة أيام في الحج و سبعة اذا رجعتم تلک عشرة کاملة ذلک لمن لم يکن أهله حاضري المسجد الحرام و اتقوا الله و اعلموا أن الله شديد العقاب * الحج أشهر معلومات ... .
And complete the Hajj or 'umra in the service of Allah. But if ye are prevented (From completing it), send an offering for sacrifice, such as ye may find, and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches the place of sacrifice. And if any of you is ill, or has an ailment in his scalp, (Necessitating shaving), (He should) in compensation either fast, or feed the poor, or offer sacrifice; and when ye are in peaceful conditions (again), if any one wishes to continue the 'umra on to the hajj, He must make an offering, such as he can afford, but if he cannot afford it, He should fast three days during the hajj and seven days on his return, Making ten days in all. This is for those whose household is not in (the precincts of) the Sacred Mosque. And fear Allah, and know that Allah Is strict in punishment.
(AL-BAQARA-196)
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
و البُدن جعلناها لکم من شعائر الله لکم فيها خير فاذکروا اسم الله عليها صوافّ فاذا وجبت جنوبها فکلوا منها و أطعموا القانع والمعتر کذلک سخّرناها لکم لعلکم تشکرون * لن ينال اللهَ لحومُها و لا دماؤها و لکن يناله التقوی منکم کذلک سخّرها لکم لتکبّروا اللهَ علی ماهداکم و بَشِر المحسنين .
The sacrificial camels we have made for you as among the symbols from Allah: in them is (much) good for you: then pronounce the name of Allah over them as they line up (for sacrifice): when they are down on their sides (after slaughter), eat ye thereof, and feed such as (beg not but) live in contentment, and such as beg with due humility: thus have We made animals subject to you, that ye may be grateful.
It is not their meat nor their blood, that reaches Allah: it is your piety that reaches Him: He has thus made them subject to you, that ye may glorify Allah for His Guidance to you and proclaim the good news to all who do right.
(AL-HAJJ-36 & 37)
الرابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
ليس عليکم جناح أن تبتغوا فضلاً من ربکم فاذا أفضتم من عرفات فاذکروا الله عند المشعر الحرام و اذکروه کما هداکم و إن کنتم من قبله لمن الضالّين * ثم أفيضوا من حيث أفاض الناس و استغفروالله إن الله غفور رحيم * فاذا قضيتم مناسککم فاذکروا الله کذکرکم آباءکم أو أشد ذکراً ... .
It is no crime in you if ye seek of the bounty of your Lord (during pilgrimage). Then when ye pour down from (Mount) Arafat, celebrate the praises of Allah at the Sacred Monument, and celebrate His praises as He has directed you, even though, before this, ye went astray.
Then pass on at a quick pace from the place whence it is usual for the multitude so to do, and ask for Allah's forgiveness. For Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
So when ye have accomplished your holy rites, celebrate the praises of Allah, as ye used to celebrate the praises of your fathers,- yea, with far more Heart and soul. There are men who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Thy bounties) in this world!" but they will have no portion in the Hereafter.
(AL-BAQARA-198 & 199 & 200)
الخامسة ـ قوله تعالی :
واذکروا الله في أيام معدودات فمن تعجّل في يومين فلا إثم عليه و من تأخّر فلا إثم عليه لمن اتقی واتقوا الله و اعلموا أنکم اليه تحشرون .
Celebrate the praises of Allah during the Appointed Days. But if any one hastens to leave in two days, there is no blame on him, and if any one stays on, there is no blame on him, if his aim is to do right. Then fear Allah, and know that ye will surely be gathered unto Him.
(AL-BAQARA-203)
السادسة ـ قوله تعالی :
إنّ الصفا و المروة من شعائر الله فمن حجّ البيت أو اعتمر فلا جناح عليه أن يطَّوَّف بهما و من تطوّع خيراً فان الله شاکر عليم .
Behold! Safa and Marwa are among the Symbols of Allah. So if those who visit the House in the Season or at other times, should compass them round, it is no sin in them. And if any one obeyeth his own impulse to good,- be sure that Allah is He Who recogniseth and knoweth.
(AL-BAQARA-158)
الحُرمات
النوع الرابع ؛ ما يدلّ علی حرمة أُمور و جواز أُخری علی الحاج و المعتمر ، و فيه آيات :
الأولی ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيُّها الذين آمنوا لا تُحِلّوُا شعائر الله و لا الشهر الحرام و لا الهَدیَ و لا القلائد و لا آميّن البيت الحرام يبتغون فضلاً من ربِّهم و رضواناً و اذا حللتم فاصطادوا .
O ye who believe! Violate not the sanctity of the symbols of Allah, nor of the sacred month, nor of the animals brought for sacrifice, nor the garlands that mark out such animals, nor the people resorting to the sacred house, seeking of the bounty and good pleasure of their Lord. But when ye are clear of the sacred precincts and of pilgrim garb, ye may hunt and let not the hatred of some people in (once) shutting you out of the Sacred Mosque lead you to transgression (and hostility on your part). Help ye one another in righteousness and piety, but help ye not one another in sin and rancour: fear Allah: for Allah is strict in punishment.
(AL-MAEDA-2)
الثانية ـ قوله تعالی :
الحج أشهر معلومات فمن فرض فيهنّ الحج فلا رفث و لا فسوق و لا جدال في الحج .
For Hajj are the months well known. If any one undertakes that duty therein, Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good ye do, (be sure) Allah knoweth it. And take a provision (With you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, o ye that are wise.
(AL-BAQARA-197)
الثالثة ـ قوله تعالی :
يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تقتلوا الصيد و أنتم حرم و من قتله منکم متعمدا فجزاءٌ مثل ما قتل من النعم يحکم به ذوا عدل منکم هدياً بالغ الکعبة أو کفارة طعام مساکين أو عدل ذلک صياما ليذوق و بال أمره عفا الله عمّا سلف و من عاد فينتقم الله منه و الله عزيز ذوانتقام * أحلَّ لکم صيدُ البحر و طعامه متاعاً لکم و للسيارة و حُرِّم عليکم صيدُ البرّ ما دُمتم حُرُماً و اتقوا الله الذي تحشرون .
95. O ye who believe! Kill not game while in the sacred precincts or in pilgrim garb. If any of you doth so intentionally, the compensation is an offering, brought to the Ka'ba, of a domestic animal equivalent to the one he killed, as adjudged by two just men among you; or by way of atonement, the feeding of the indigent; or its equivalent in fasts: that he may taste of the penalty of his deed. Allah forgives what is past: for repetition Allah will exact from him the penalty. For Allah is Exalted, and Lord of Retribution.
96. Lawful to you is the pursuit of water-game and its use for food,- for the benefit of yourselves and those who travel; but forbidden is the pursuit of land-game;- as long as ye are in the sacred precincts or in pilgrim garb. And fear Allah, to Whom ye shall be gathered back.
(AL-MAEDA-95 & 96)
الرابعة ـ قوله تعالی :
... و من دخله کان آمناً ... .
In it are Signs Manifest; (for example), the Station of Abraham; whoever enters it attains security; Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah,- those who can afford the journey; but if any deny faith, Allah stands not in need of any of His creatures.
(AL-E-IMRAN-97)
الخامسة ـ قوله تعالی :
لقد صدق الله رسوله الرؤيا بالحق لتدخُلُنَ المسجد الحرام إن شاء الله آمنين مُحلّقين رؤوسکم و مقصِّرين لا تخافون فعلم ما لم تعلموا فجعل من دون ذلک فتحاً قريبا .
Truly did Allah fulfil the vision for His Messenger: ye shall enter the Sacred Mosque, if Allah wills, with minds secure, heads shaved, hair cut short, and without fear. For He knew what ye knew not, and He granted, besides this, a speedy victory.
(AL-FATH-27)