the two kinds of qur'anic verses: the explicit and the implicit
in chapter xi:i god says of the qur'an, "This is a book whose
meanings are secure. " From this we may draw the meaning to read
"whose meanings are perfected, expanded, firm and strong."
in chapter xxxix:23, it reads, God has revealed the fairest of statements
(consistent with and in relation to each other) and arranged in pairs (according
to meaning) which cause the flesh of those who fear their lord to creep.
in chapter iii:7 he says, "He it is who has revealed to you the
Book in which are clear revelations, (that is, verses whose meaning is
immediately clear and which Muslims use for guidance). They are the substance
of the Book and others which are allegorical. But those in whose heart
is doubt indeed follow the allegorical seeking dissension by seeking to
explain it. None knowest its explanation except God and those who are of
sound instruction say: we believe in it, it is all from our lord.
The first of the verses describes those sections of the Qur'an whose
meaning is explicit, clear and unambiguous, and safe from misinterpretation.
The second verse refers to all those verses whose meanings are implicit,
and which are considered allegorical. It then proceeds to indicate that
both types of verses, (the explicit, or clear and the implicit, or allegorical),
share certain common qualities: beauty and sweetness of language, and a
miraculous power of expression which are present in the entire qur'an.
The third verse under consideration divides the Qur'an into two parts:
the explicit and the implicit, the clear and the allegorical, or, in Qur'anic
terms, the muhkam and the mustashabih.
The muhkam and those verses which are explicit, clear and immediate
in their message and, therefore, incapable of being misinterpreted; the
mutashabih
verses are not of this nature. It is the duty of every firm believer to
believe in and act according to the verses which are mahkam.
it is also his duty to believe in the verses which are mutashabih,
but he must abstain from acting upon them; this injunction is based on
the premise that only those whose heart is corrupt and whose belief is
false follow the implicit, mutashibih, verses, fabricating interpretations
and,
thereby, deceiving common people.