A Study of Its Tawatur
NOTES:
[17]. See alSayyid `Ali
alMilani, "AlSayyid Hamid Husayn (r) wa Kitabuhu al`Abaqat," Turathuna,
No. 4 (Rabi` 1406 H.) pp. 144156.
[18]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, iv, 82; alKashif, i,
272.
[19]. AlKashif, i, 313; Tahdhib alTahdhib, ii,
286; Taqrib alTahdhib, i, 252.
[20]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, M.S.; alKashif, ii,
256; al`lbar, i, 205; Mir`at al-jinan, i, 301; Taqrib alTahdhib, ii, 248; alShaykh
`Abd alHaqq al-Dehlawi, Asma' rijal alMishkat.
[21]. Ibn Hibban, al-Thiqat, MS.; alMaqdisi,
alKamal fi asma' alrijal, MS.; alDhahabi, Tadhkirat alhuffaz, i, 155;
al`Asqalani, Tahdhib alTahdhib, vi, 396.
[22]. al'lbar, i, 209; Mir`at aljinan, i, 305;
Tahdhib alTahdhib, iv, 222.
[23]. Ibn Hibban, al-Thiqat; alMizzi, Tahdhib
alKamal, MS., Tabaqat alShafi`iyyah, i, 85; alDhahabi, alKashif, iii, 19; see also
Mir`at aljinan, i, 313.
[24]. AlMizzi, Asma' rijal alSahihayn, i, 42;
AlDhahabi, alKashif, i, 116; Tahdhib alTahdhib, i, 261.
[25]. Taqrib alTahdhib, i, 64.
[26]. AlDhahabi, Tadhkirat alhuffaz, i, 197.
[27]. AlMizzi, Tahdhib alKamal, MS.
[28]. AlDhahabi, Tahdhib alTahdhib, MS.
[29]. Tadhkirat alhuffaz, i, 236, also alKashif,
iii, 235.
[30]. Taqrib alTahdhib, ii, 231.
[31]. Tabaqat alhuffaz, 100.
[32]. `Abd alGhani alMaqdisi, alKamal fi asma'
alrijal, MS.
[33]. Al`Asqalani, Tahdhib alTahdhib, iii, 245.
[34]. AlKashif, i, 215, and al'lbar, i, 293.
[35]. AlMizzi, Tahdhib alKamal, MS.
[36]. Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib alTahdhib, ii, 75, and
Taqrib alTahdhib, i, 127.
[37]. AlMizzi, Tahdhib alKamal, MS.
[38]. AlDhahabi, Tadhkirat alhuffaz, i, 323,
alKashif, i, 118, al'lbar, i, 310.
[39]. Al`Asqalani, Tahdhib alTahdhib, i, 275.
[40]. Tabaqat alhuffaz, 133.
[41]. AlDhahabi, Tahdhib alTahdhib, MS.;
Tadhkirat alhuffaz, i, 315.
[42]. Al`Asqalani, Tahdhib alTahdhib, vi, 56.
[43]. Ibid., ii, 178.
[44]. Ibid., viii, 63.
[45]. AlKashif, iii, 82.
[46]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, ii, 445.
[47]. Ibid., iii, 329.
[48]. AlTabaqat, vi, 355.
[49]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, viii, 300.
[50]. Ibid, vi, 413.
[51]. Ibid., x, 230.
[52]. Ibid., iii, 196.
[53]. Ibid., ii, 128.
[54]. Ibid, viii, 411.
[55]. Ibid, vii, 382.
[56]. Ibn Sa`d, alTabaqat, vi, 388.
[57]. AlDhahabi, Tadhkirat alhuffaz, 290.
[58]. AlKhatib alBaghdadi, Ta'rikh Baghdad, xi,
356.
[59]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, vii, 288.
[60]. Ibid., xi, 6.
[61]. AlDhahabi, alKashif, ii, 214 and Mizan
al'i`tidal, iv, 284.
[62]. Ibid., vi, 331; Ibn Hajar, Ta`jil
almanfa`ah, 301.
[63]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, vii, 155.
[64]. Ibid, iii, 406.
[65]. AlDhahabi, Tadhhib alTahdhib, MS.
[66]. AlMizzi, Tahdhib alKamal, Ms.; Tahdhib
alTahdhib, vi, 409; Taqrib alTahdhib, i, 521.
[67]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, ii, 101; alTabaqat, vi,
396.
[68]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, xi, 366.
[69]. Ibid., i, 304; Taqrib alTahdhib, i, 76;
Tabaqat alhuffaz, 155.
[70]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, i, 402.
[71]. AlTabaqat, vi, 400; alKashif, ii, 234;
Tahdhib alTahdhib, vii, 50.
[72]. AlTabaqat, vii, 355; Ta'rikh Baghdad, xiv,
64.
[73]. AlMizzi, Tahdhib alKamal
[74]. Tahdhib alTahdhib; alKashif, iii, 253;
Taqrib alTahdhib, ii, 346.
[75]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, x, 3.
[76]. Ibid., ix, 188.
[77]. Ibid., ix, 417.
[78]. AlTabaqat, vii, 340; Tahdhib alTahdhib,
iv, 43.;
[79]. Lisan almizan, iii, 264.
[80]. Baghyat alwi`a', 2930.
[81]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, iv, 89; Tadhkirat
alhuffaz, 416.
[82]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, iii, 195.
[83]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, xii, 255; Tahdhib
alTahdhib, vii, 407.
[84]. Wafayat al'a`yan, iii, 473; al'lbar, i,
407; Tabaqat alhuffaz, 183.
[85]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, iii, 152.
[86]. Ibid., ii, 297.
[87]. Ibid., 342; alSam`ani, al-'Ansab, under
'alNasa'i'
[88]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, iv, 312; alKashif, ii,
5.
[89]. AlDhahabi, Siyar a`lam alnubala', MS.
[90]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, vi, 197.
[91]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, vii, 8084.
[92]. Tahdhib alKamal, MS; Taqrib alTahdhib, ii,
147.
[93]. Tabaqat alShafi`iyyah, ii, 83; Tahdhib
alTahdhib, i, 216; Huda alsari.
[94]. Tahdhib alKamal, MS; Tahdhib alTahdhib,
MS.; Taqrib alTahdhib, ii, 337.
[95]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, ii, 87; alKashif, i,
184; alKhazraji, alKhulasah, i, 166.
[96]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, i, 335.
[97]. Ibid., iv, 123.
[98]. Ibid., vi, 455; Tadhkirat alhuffaz, ii, 534;
Mir`at aljinan, ii, 155; Taqrib alTahdhib, i, 529.
[99]. Al-Sam`ani, al'Ansab; alDhahabi, Tahdhib
alTahdhib, MS; Tadhkirat alhuffaz, ii, 519; al'lbar, i, 457.
[100]. Al'Ansab, under alGhanzi, Tahdhib
alKamal, MS; Tahdhib alTahdhib; Tadhkirat alhuffaz, ii, 152; alKashif, iii, 93;
Taqrib alTahdhib, ii, 204.
[101]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, iii, 374.
[102]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, xi, 425.
[103]. Ibid., i, 83.
[104]. Al'Ansab; Tadhkirat alhuffaz, ii, 535;
alKashif, i, 103; Taqrib alTahdhib, i, 429.
[105]. Tahdhib alKamal, MS; alKashif, ii, 296.
[106]. Akhbar Isfahan, i, 81; Ta'rikh Baghdad, v,
223.
[107]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, i, 163.
[108]. Ibid., ii, 344.
[109]. Ibid., ix, 319.
[110]. Al'Ansab, under 'alRiqashi'; `Abd
alGhani alMaqdisi, alKamal, MS.
[111]. Al'Ansab, under alRiyahi.
[112]. Tahdhib alTahdhib, xi, 385; Tadhkirat
alhuffaz, i, 582; al'lbar, ii, 58.
[113]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, vi, 25.
[114]. Tadhkirat alhuffaz, ii, 677; Tabaqat
alhuffaz, 294; Fawat alWafayat, ii, 228.
[115]. Tadhkirat alhuffaz, ii, 665; Tahdhib
alTahdhib, v, 141; Tabaqat alhuffaz, 288.
[116]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, iii, 153.
[117]. Tabaqat alhuffaz; 290.
[118]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, iv, 349.
[119]. Ibid, ix, 322 328.
[120]. Al'lbar, ii, 106.
[121]. Al-`Ibar, i, 355
[122]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, 709.
[123]. Ibid, ii, 707; at al-`Ibar, ii, 124; Wafayat
al-'a`yan, vii, 241; Mir'at aljinan, ii, 243; Tabaqat al-huffaz, 306.
[124]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, xii, 152.
[125]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, ii, 732.
[126]. Wafayat al-'a`yan, v, 436.
[127]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, ix, 464.
[128]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, 808.
[129]. Ibid., 833.
[130]. Al-'Ansab, under 'aI'Anbari'; Wafayat
al-'a`yan.
[131]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, iii, 824.
[132]. Al-`Ibar, iii, 259.
[133]. Akhbar Isfahan, ii, 80.
[134]. Al-`Ibar, ii, 293.
[135]. Al-'Ansab, under 'alQati`i'.
[136]. Akhbar Isfahan, ii, 90; al-Lubab, i, 404;
Tadhkirat alhuffaz, 945; Shadharat al-dhahab, iii, 69; al-`Ibar, ii, 351.
[137]. Wafayat al-'a`yan; iii, 458.
[138]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, i, 282.
[139]. Tadhkirat alhuffaz, iii, 980; alWafi bi
alWafayat, v, 34; Tabaqat al-huffaz, 389.
[140]. Al-`Ibar, iii, 28; al'Asadi, Tabaqat
alShafi`iyyah, MS; alQannawji, alTaj al-mukallal, 82.
[141]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, xii, 40.
[142]. Al-'Ansab, under 'alMakhallas'.
[143]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, iii, 93; Wafayat al-'a`yan, iii, 408; alMukhtasar, ii, 144; Mir'at al-jinan, iii, 14; al-`Ibar, iii, 91; alSubhi, Tabaqat alShafi`iyyah, iv, 155.
[144]. Tabaqat alShafi`iyyah, v, 222.
[145]. Al`Ibar, iv, 118.
[146]. Tabaqat alShafi`iyyah, i, 429; iv, 58;
Wafayat al-'a`yan, i, 61; al-`Ibar, iii, 161; Mir'at al-jinan, iii, 46; alDawudi,
Tabaqat almufassirin, i, 65.
[147]. Tadhkirat alhuffaz, iii, 1091; alWafi bi
alWafayat, vii, 81; alTaj almukallal, 31.
[148]. Yatimat aldahr, iv, 397.
[149]. Al'Ansab under 'alGanjrudi'.
[150]. Tadhkirat alhuffaz, iii, 1132.
[151]. Al-Dhahabi, Siyar a`lam alnubala', MS.
[152]. Tadhkirat alhuffaz, iii, 1135.
[153]. Ta'rikh Baghdad, iii, 108; alMuntazam, vii,
283.
[154]. Al'Ansab under 'alDawudi'.
[155]. Al'Ansab under 'alGhandajani'.
[156]. Wafayat al'a`yan, ii, 410; Tadhkirat
alhuffaz, iv, 1218; alWaffi bi alWafayat, iv, 317.
[157]. Wafayat al'a`yan, ii, 380.
[158]. Ibn alWardi,Tatimmat alMukhtasar, ii, 31.
[159]. Al'Ansab, under 'alMazraqi'; alDhahabi,
Ma`rifat alqurra' alkibar, i, 391.
[160]. Al-Wafi bi al-Wafayat, iii, 28.
[161]. Tabaqat al-qurra', i, 288.
[162]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, iv, 1282; Tabaqat
al-huffaz, 464.
[163]. Wafayat al'a`yan, iii, 152; Tatimmat
al-Mukhtasar, ii, 72; Tabaqat al-huffaz, 468.
[164]. Ibn Farhun, al-Dibaj almudhahhab, ii, 57.
[165]. Al-Muntazam, x, 162; Tadhkirat al-huffaz,
1289.
[166]. Tabaqat al-qurra', i, 204.
[167]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, iii, 1334; Tabaqat
al-Shafi`iyyah, vi, 161; aI-Tha`alibi, Maqalid al-'asanid; Wafayat al'a`yan, iii, 414.
[168]. `Abd al-Qadir al-Qarashi, al-Jawahir
al-mudi'ah, i, 367.
[169]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, iv, 1383.
[170]. Al-`Ibar, v, 179; Tadhkirat al-huffaz, iv,
1405.
[171]. Ibid., iv, 1428.
[172]. Ibn Shakir, Fawat al-Wafayat, i, 358;
al-`Ibar, v, 205; Mir'at aljinan, iv, 121.
[173]. Al-Kanji, Kifayat altalib, 231;
al-Badakhshi, Miftah al-naja, MS.
[174]. Ibn Farhun, al-Dibaj almudhahhab, 68.
[175]. Tadhkirat al-huffaz, iv, 1476; Tabaqat
alhuffaz, 511.
[176]. Al-'Asnawi, Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyyah, ii, 332;
al-Suyuti, Husn al-muhaddarah, i, 424.
[177]. Ibn Hajar al-`Asqalani, al-Durar al-kaminah,
ii, 79.
[178]. AlShawkani, al-Badr al-tali` Ii mahasin
rnin ba`d al-qarn alsabi`, ii, 352.
[179]. Al-Durar al-kaminah, ii, 68; Bughyat
al-wi`at, 228; al-Badr al-tali`, i, 229.
[180]. Al- 'Asnawi, Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyyah, i, 505.
[181]. Al-Wafi bi al-Wafayat, v, 267-283.
[182]. Al-Durar al-kaminah, ii, 113; Abna'
al-ghumar, i, 249.
[183]. AlShawkani, al-Badr al-tali`, ii, 303.
[184]. Al-Sakhawi, al-Daw' al-lami`, v, 200.
[185]. Al-Manhal al-Safi, i, 394 - 399; Abna'
al-ghumar, ix, 170.
[186]. `Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi, Nuzhat al-khawatir,
ii, 19.
[187]. Al-Daw' al-lami`, ii, 36-40.
[188]. Ibid., vii, 1-32.
[189]. Al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Bukhari, Tadhkirat
al-'abrar, MS; Nuzhat al-khawatir, iv, 223.
[190]. Al-Ghazzi, al-Kawakib al-sa'irah, ii, 52.
[191]. Nuzhat al-khawatir, iv, 274.
[192]. Al-Muhibbi, Khulasat al-'athar, i, 271; Radi
al-Din alShami, Tandid al`uqud alsaniyyah.
[193]. Ibid., v, 337.
[194]. Ibid., v, 201.
[195]. Khulasat al-'athar, i, 331; al-Taj
al-mukallal, 289.
[196]. Khulasat al-'athar, iii, 201.
[197]. Ibid., iv, 204.
[198]. Nuzhat al-khawatir, iv, 285.
[199]. Al-Muradi, Silk al-durar, i, 22.
[200]. Nuzhat al-khawatir, vi, 259.
[201]. Ibid, vi, 113.
[202]. Ibid., vi, 351-355.
[203]. Al-Qannawji, Abjad al-`ulum.
[204]. Idem., al-Taj almukallal, 509.
[205]. Nuzhat al-khawatir, vii, 403.
[206]. Haydar `Ali Faydabadi, Izalat al-ghayn;
Nuzhat alkhawatir, vii, 69.
[207]. Ibid.
[208]. Ibid., vii, 136.
[209]. Ibid., vii, 258.
[210]. Ibid., vii, 527.
[211]. AI-Bukhari in his Sahih (Kitab al-ruqaq, hadith no. 1441)
narrates the following mutawatir tradition of the Prophet (S) from Anas ibn Malik:
AI-Bukhari reports from Muslim ibn Ibrahim, from
Wuhayb from `Abd al `Aziz, from Anas that the Prophet (S) said: "A group of my
Companions will be brought to me on the Pond (of alKawthar) and as soon as I recognize
them they shall be dragged away. I would say, ('God! Aren't they) my Companions?' (God)
would say, 'You don't know what they did after you.'
According to another version of this tradition (no.
1442) the Prophet (S) would be told:
You have no knowledge of what they did after you. They went back in a retrogressive manner (i.e. apostasized).
Al-Bukhari narrates similar traditions on the
authority of Hudhayfah (no 1435), `Abd Allah (no.1435), Sahl ibn Sa`d (no. 1442), Abu
Sa`id alKhudri (no 1442), Ibn `Abbas (no.1442), Abu Hurayrah (no 1443), and Asma' bint
Abi Bakr (no. 1449) in "Kitab al-ruqaq", as well as elsewhere in "Kitab al
tafsir" and "Kitab bad' al-khalq". The same tradition with various wordings
is also recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, alNasa'i, Ibn Majah, Imam Ahmad ibn
Hanbal in their books (as well as Imam Malik in alMuwatta', "Kitab
altaharah", hadith no.28) from several Companions. Imam Malik reports the following
tradition in his alMuwatta', "Kitab aljihad", hadith no.32:
"The Prophet (S) said concerning the martyrs of Uhud, "I shall bear witness for them (i.e. their faith)." Thereupon Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah, aren't we their brethren, who embraced Islam like them and did jihad like them?" The Prophet (S) replied, "Yes, but I don't know what you will do after me ..."
See, for instance, Adwa' `ala al-Sunnat
al-Muhammadiyyah, pp.339-363, by Mahmud Abu Riyyah, a Sunni scholar, and Nahj al-haqq wa
kashf al-sidq, pp.262-375, by al-`Allamah al-Hilli concerning the large number of Qur'anic
verses and Prophetic traditions which decisively negate the very possibility of
considering each and every Companion as a star of the skies of guidance.
[212]. Ibn Sa`d in his al-Tabaqat (Leiden, 1322), iii, part 1, p.129 reports that in a sermon that Abu Bakr delivered after taking charge of the caliphate, he declared, "I am only a man, and I am not better than any of you. So obey me when I go straight and correct me when you see me deviate. You should know that (at times) I am overwhelmed by a devil, so when you see me in a state of rage keep away from me." Similar statements by him have been reported by:
- al-Tabari in his Ta'rikh (Cairo, 1357), ii, 440;
- Ibn Qutaybah in al-'Imamah wa al-siyasah (Matba`at al-Futuh al-'Adabiyyah, 1331), 6;
- al-Haythami in Majma` al-zawa'id (1352), v, 183;
- alMuttaqi in Kanz al-`ummal (Hyderabad, 1312), ii, 136;
- and others.
`Umar, the Second Caliph, is on record as often having made such statements as "Everyone has a better knowledge (of the Shari`ah) than `Umar" (kullu ahadin a`lamu min `Umar) and "All the people have better understanding (of the Shari`ah) than `Umar" (kullu ahadin afqahu min `Umar). See:
- al-Bayhaqi, Sunan (Hyderabad, 1344), vii, 233;
- alSuyuti, al-Durr al-manthur (al-Matba`at al-Maymaniyyah, 1314), under verses 4:20 and 34:13;
- al-Zamakhshari, al-Kashshaf (Egypt, 1354) under verses 4:20 and 34:13;
- al-Muttaqi, Kanz al-`ummal, viii, 298;
- alHaythami in Majma` al-zawa'id, iv, 263.
[213]. Here the author of the `Abaqat has cited the tradition of `A'ishah which describes a usurious transaction between Zayd ibn Arqam and a woman. The tradition is mentioned by:
- `Abd alRazzaq in al-Musannaf,
- Imam Ahmad in his Musnad,
- al-Jassas in Ahkam al-Qur'an,
- al-Sarakhsi in al-Mabsut,
- al-Dabusi in Ta'sis al-nazar, as well as a host of Sunni legists, traditionists and exegetes in their works.
[214]. Here the author cites
traditions from the works of al-Bukhari, Muslim, alDarimi, Ibn Abi Shaybah, al-Nasa'i,
Ibn al-'Athir, alGhazzali, al-Muttaqi, Ibn Khaldun and Abu Hilal al-`Askari concerning
the sale of wine by certain Companions.
[215]. Here the author has cited
three instances of such baseless fatawa by Abu Musa al-'Ash`ari.
[216]. Here the author has cited
an episode of `Umar ibn al-Khattab who gave a fatwa contrary to the Prophet's command from
alSuyuti's Miftah al-jannah.
[217]. Here the author has given
several instances of violation of the Sunnah by Mu`awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan.