A Study of Its Tawatur
NOTES:
[1]. AlGhazali, alMustasfa min `ilm al'usul, Dar Sadir, alMatba`at al'Amiriyyah, Bulaq, Egypt, 1322 H.
[2]. See alSayyid `Abd al'Aziz alTabataba'i "Ahl alBayt (A) fi almaktabat al`Arabiyyah," Turathuna, No. 15 (4th year, 2nd issue), pp. 84 - 93.
[3]. AlSayyid `Abd al`Aziz alTabataba'i "Ahl alBayt (A) fi almaktabat al`Arabiyyah", Turathuna, no. 15 (4th year, 2nd issue), pp. 84 93.
[4]. Idem., "Mawqif alShi`ah min hajamat alkhusum wa khulasah `an Kitab `Abaqat al'anwar", Turathuna, no. 6 (2nd year, 1st issue), pp. 41 52.
[5]. This is the famous tradition,
also mentioned in the narration given by alHakim in Mustadrak `ala alSahihayn (vol.
iii, pp. 109110), quoted in the section "On Some Sahih Versions of the Hadith"
in the present article, in which the Prophet (S) while returning from his last pilgrimage
stopped the entire caravan at Ghadir Khumm and made the announcement:
Of whomever I am his master, `Ali also is his master (mawla).
This is also a mutawatir tradition about which
al`Allamah al'Amini wrote his great work alGhadir fi alKitab wa alSunnah wa
al'adab. Among the many Sunni traditionists who have recorded this tradition in their
works are:
- AlTirmidhi in his Sahih (Bulaq, 1292), ii, 298;
- Sunan Ibn Majah (Matba`at alFaruqi, Delhi), in "bab Fada'il ashab Rasul Allah (S)" from alBara' ibn `Azib and Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas;
- AlHakim in Mustadrak (Hyderabad, 1313) from Zayd ibn Arqam (iii, 109, 533), Sa`d ibn Malik (iii, 116), from Rifa`ah ibn Ayas alDabbi from his father from his grandfather (iii, 371), and from Buraydah al'Aslami; (iii, 110; ii, 129);
- Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, alMatba`at alMaymaniyyah, Egypt, 1313, from alBara' ibn `Azib (iv, 281), Buraydah al'Aslami (v, 347, 350, 358), Zayd ibn Arqam (iv, 372, iv, 368, v, 307), Ibn `Abbas (i, 330), Abu alTufayl (iv, 270) and `Ali ibn Abi Talib (A) (i, 84, 88, 118, 139, 152, v, 307, 366, 419);
- Abu Nu`aym al'Isfahani; in Hilyat al'awliya' (Egypt: Matba`at alSa`adah, 1351) iv, 23, v, 26;
- Fakhr alDin alRazi; in alTafsir alKabir (Dar Tiba`at al'Amirah) under the verse 5:67;
- AlKhatib alBaghdadi, in Ta'rikh Baghdad (Matba`at alSa`adah, 1360), vii, 377, viii, 290, xii, 343, xiv, 236;
- AlNasa'i in Khasa'is (Matba`at alTaqaddum al`llmiyyah, Egypt, 1348), pp.4, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 40;
- AlMuhibb alTabari, in alRiyad alnadirah (Matba`at al'Ittihad, Egypt, 1st ed.), ii, 169, 170, 172, 203 and Dhakha'ir al`uqba (Egypt 1356), 86;
- Ibn Hajar al`Asqalani in alSawa'iq almuhriqah (alMatba`at alMaymaniyyah, Egypt; 1312), pp. 25, 26;
- `Ali alMuttaqi alHindi in Kanz al`ummal (Hyderabad, 1312), i, 48, vi, 83, 153, 154, 390, 397, 398, 399, 403,405, 406, 407;
- Ibn Hajar al`Asqalani in al'lsabah (Calcutta, 1853 A.D.), i, part one, 57, 319; iii, part one, 29; iv, part one, 14, 16, 61, 143, 169, 182; vi, 223, vii, part one, 78, 156;
- Ibn al'Athir in Usd alghabah (alMatba`at alWahbiyyah, Egypt, 1285), i, 308, 367, 368, ii, 307, 233, iii, 92, 93, 321, 374, iv, 28, v, 205, 276, 383;
- Ibn Qutaybah in al'Imamah wa alsiyasah (Matba`at alFutuh al'Adabiyyah, 1331), 93;
- AlTahawi in Mushkil al'athar (Hyderabad, 1333), ii, 307;
- AlManawi in Fayd alQadir (Egypt, 1356), vi, 218, 358 and Kunuz alhaqa'iq (Istanbul, 1285), 92;
- AlHaythami Majma` alzawa'id (Egypt, 1352), vii, 17, ix 103, 104, 105, 106,107, 108, 119, 163, 164;
- `Ali ibn Sultan Muhammad alQari in Mirqat almafatih (alMatba`at alMaymaniyyah, Egypt, 1309), v, 568.
[6]. AlBukhari in his Sahih
(alMatba`at alKhayriyyah, Egypt, 1320) in "Kitab bad' alkhalq", "Bab
manaqib `Ali ibn Abi Talib" and "Bab ghazwat Tabuk," in two places, records
this tradition in which the Prophet (S) is reported to have said to `Ali (A):
Are you not pleased to have the position (manzilah) in relation to me as that Aaron had in relation to Moses?
Among other traditionists who have recorded this
tradition in their works are:
- Muslim in his Sahih (Matba`at Bulaq, 1290), "Kitab fada'il alSahabah," through three chains;
- alTirmidhi, in his Sahih, ii, 301;
- Ibn Majah in his Sunan, p. 12;
- alHakim in Mustadrak, ii, 337;
- Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal in Musnad, i, 29, 170, 173, 174, 175, 177, 179, 182, 184, 185; 230, iii, 338, vi, 369;
- alNasa'i in Khasa'is, 4, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 32;
- Ibn Sa`d in alTabaqat (Leiden 1322) iii, part one, 14, 15;
- Abu Nu`aym in Hilyat al'awliya', vi, 345, vii, 194, 195, 196, viii, 307;
- alKhatib in Ta'rikh Baghdad, i, 324, iii, 288, iv, 71, 204, 382, vii, 452, viii, 52, ix, 394, x, 43, xi, 432, xii, 323;
- alTabari in his Ta'rikh al'umam wa almuluk (Matba`at al'lstiqamah, Cairo, 1357), ii, 368;
- Ibn al'Athir, Usd alghabah, v, 8;
- alMuttaqi alHindi, Kanz al`ummal, iii, 154, v, 40, vi, 154, 188, 395, 402, 404, 405, viii, 215;
- alHaythami, Majma` alzawa'id, ix, 109, 110, 111, 119;
- alMuhibb alTabari, in alRiyad alnadirah, i, 13, ii, 162, 163, 164, 175, 195, 203 and Dhakha'ir al`uqba, 120.
[7]. AlTirmidhi, in his Sahih,
ii, 297, records this tradition of the Prophet (S):
Verily, `AIi and I are inseparable, and he is the master (wali) of every believer after me.
Among other traditionists who have recorded it in their books are:
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, iv, 437, v, 356;
- Abu Dawud alTayalisi in his Musnad, iii, 111, xi, 360;
- alHaythami, Majma` alzawa'id, ix, 109, 127, 128, 199;
- alKhatib alBaghdadi, Ta'rikh Baghdad, iv, 339;
- alMuhibb alTabari, alRiyad alnadirah, ii, 203, 171;
- alMuttaqi alHindi, Kanz al`ummal, vi, 154, 155, 396, 401;
- Ibn al'Athir in Usd alghabah, v, 94;
- Abu Nu`aym in Hilyat al'awliya', vi, 294;
- alNasa'i, Khasa'is, 19, 23;
- as well as Ibn Abi Shaybah, alTabari, alTabarani, alDaylami, Ibn Mardawayh, Ibn alJawzi, alRafi`i, and Ibn Hajar.
[8]. AlTirmidhi in his Sahih
reports that once when the Prophet (S) sat down to eat a fowl that had been prepared for
his dinner, he prayed to God:
"My God, bring the most beloved of Your creatures, that he may eat this fowl with me." Then `Ali (A) came and the Prophet ate with him.
Among others who have recorded this tradition in their works are:
- alHakim in Mustadrak, iii, 130, 131;
- Abu Nu`aym in Hilyah, vi, 339;
- alKhatib in Ta'rikh Baghdad, ii, 171;
- alMuhibb alTabari in alRiyad alnadirah, ii, 160, 161, and Dhakha'ir al`uqba, 61;
- alHaythami in Majma` alzawa'id, ix, 125, 126;
- alMuttaqi in Kanz al`ummal, iv, 406;
- Ibn al'Athir in Usd alghabah, iv, 30.
[9]. AlHakim records this
tradition of the Prophet (S) in his Mustadrak, iii, 126, 127:
I am the city of knowledge and `Ali is its gate; whoever intends to enter the city should come to its gate.
Among others who have narrated or recorded it in their works are:
- alKhatib in Ta'rikh Baghdad, ii, 348, 377; vii, 172; xi, 48, 49;
- alMuhibb alTabari in alRiyad alnadirah, ii, 193;
- alMuttaqi in Kanz al`ummal, vi, 152, 156, 401;
- Ibn Hajar in alSawa'iq almuhriqah, 73;
- alManawi in Kunuz alhaqa'iq, 43 and Fayd alQadir, iii, 46;
- alHaythami, Majma` alzawa'id, ix, 114;
- Ibn al'Athir in Usd alghabah, iv, 22 and Tahdhib alTahdhib (Hyderabad, 1325), vi, 152;
- as well as al`Uqayli, Ibn `Adi and alTabarani.
[10]. The following is one of its
versions:
Whoever wishes to see Adam in his knowledge, Noah in his piety, Abraham in his forbearance, Moses in his strength, and Jesus in his worship and devotion should look at `Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Among the narrators who have recorded similar traditions in their works are:
- alMuhibb alTabari in alRiyad alnadirah, ii, 218, 208;
- alMuttaqi in Kanz al`ummal, i, 226;
- Ibn Abi alHadid, Sharh Nahj albalaghah (Egypt, ed. Muhammad Abu alFadl), ix, 168;
- alQunduzi, Yanabi` almawaddah (Istanbul), p. 214, 312;
- Ibn `Asakir, Ta'rikh Dimashq, "tarjumat al'Imam `Ali ibn Abi Talib," ii, 280;
- Fakhr alRazi, Tafsir, ii, 700;
- Ibn alMaghazili, Manaqib, 212;
- Ibn alSabbagh alMaliki, alFusul almuhimmah, 107.
[11]. This is the following
tradition:
Whoever contests `Ali in regard to the khilafah is an unbeliever.
Among those who have narrated it in their works are:
- Ibn alMaghazili in his Manaqib (Tehran), p.45, from Abu Dharr alGhifari, and
- `Allamah `Ayni Hyderabadi in Manaqib Sayyidina `Ali (A`lam Press, Charminar), p.52, from alKhatib alKhwarazmi and Ibn alMaghazili.
[12]. AlMuhibb alTabari
narrates this tradition on the authority of Salman from the Prophet (S ) in alRiyad
alnadirah, ii, 163:
Fourteen thousand years before Adam upon whom be peace was created, I and `Ali were a light in the presence of God. When God created Adam upon whom be peace He divided it into two parts. I am one of the parts and `Ali is the other part.
Among others to have narrated this tradition are:
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal in alFada'il;
- Sibt ibn alJawzi in Tadhkirat alkhawass, 46;
- Abu Hatim Muhammad ibn Idris alRazi in Zayn alfata fi tafsir Surat Hal ata, MS.;
- `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal in Zawa'id manaqib Amir alMu'minin, MS.,
- also Ibn Mardawayh, Ibn `Abd alBarr, alKhatib alBaghdadi, Ibn alMaghazili, al`Asimi, Shiruyah alDaylami and others from `Ali (A), Salman, Abu Dharr, Anas ibn Malik, Jabir ibn `Abd Allah and other Companions. See the part of `Abaqat on this tradition, which discusses fiftyfive different riwayahs narrated by leading and eminent Sunni and Shi`i traditionists and scholars.
Among Shi`i scholars those who have narrated it are:
- alKulayni in alKafi, from Abu Ja`far alThani (A) and al'Imam alSadiq (A);
- Muhammad ibn al`Abbas ibn Mahyar in Ma nazala min alQur'an fi Ahl alBayt, cf., Ghayat almaram, 12;
- Furat ibn Ibrahim alKufi in his Tafsir from Ibn `Abbas;
- alSaduq in alKhisal and 'Ilal alShara'i` from al'Imam alRida (A), Mu'adh ibn Jabal and al'Imam alSadiq (A) and in Kamal alDin from al'Imam `Ali ibn alHusayn (A) and al'Imam alSadiq (A);
- alSayyid Hashim alBahrani in Ghayat almaram, bab 2, pp. 813;
- alShaykh alMufid in al'Ikhtisas;
- alShaykh alTusi in al'Amali, i, 186, 300301, 311312, 320 from al'Imam alHadi (A), al'Imam al-Sadiq (A), al'Imam alKazim and Anas ibn Malik from the Prophet (S);
- Qutb alDin alRawandi in alKhara'ij wa aljara'ih from Sa`dan;
- as well as al`Allamah alHilli, Hasan ibn Muhammad alDaylami, Husayn ibn Hamdan alHadini, Muhammad ibn `Ali ibn Ahmad alFasi, Sharaf alDin ibn `Ali alNajafi and al`Allamah alMajlisi in their works.
[13]. AlBukhari mentions this
tradition in his Sahih, "Kitab aljihad wa alsiyar":
Sahl ibn Sa`d said: "The Prophet (S) said on the day of (the victory of) Khaybar: 'Tomorrow I will give the standard to a man, by whose hand God shall conquer (Khaybar). He loves God and His Messenger, and God and His Messenger love him.' The people passed the night wondering as to who will receive it and everyone was hopeful of getting it. (The next day) the Prophet (S) declared: 'Where is `Ali?' He was told: 'He is suffering with an eye pain.' (When `Ali came) the Prophet applied his saliva to his eyes and prayed for him. `Ali recovered as if he had no pain before. Then the Prophet (S) gave it (the standard) to him....
Among others to have recorded this tradition in their books are:
- Muslim in his Sahih, "Kitab al-jihad wa alsiyar" and "Kitab fada'il alSahabah";
- alTirmidhi in his Sahih, i, 218;
- Ibn Majah in Sunan (Matba`at alFaruqi, Delhi) "bab fada'il ashab Rasul Allah (S)";
- alHakim in Mustadrak, iii, 38, 437;
- Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal in Musnad, i, 99, 133, 185, 320, iv, 51, v, 353;
- Abu Nu`aym in Hilyat al 'awliya', i, 26, 62;
- alNasa'i in Khasa'is, 4, 5, 7, 8, 32;
- alMuttaqi in Kanz al`ummal, v, 283, 285, vi, 394, 395, 405;
- alHaythami in Majma` alzawa'id, vi, 150, 151, ix, 119, 123, 124;
- Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib alTahdhib, vii, 337, 339;
- alMuhibb alTabari, alRiyad al-nadirah, ii, 185, 187, 203;
- alTabari, Ta'rikh, ii, 300;
- Ibn Sa`d, alTabaqat, ii, part one, 80;
- Ibn `Abd alBarr, al'Isti`ab (Hyderabad, 1336), ii, 450;
- alBayhaqi in Sunan, vi, 362.
[14]. AlTirmidhi has recorded
this tradition of the Prophet (S) in his Sahih, ii, 298:
May God's mercy be upon `Ali. My God, keep the haqq (truth, righteousness, justice) always with `Ali.
Among others who have recorded it in their works are:
- alHakim in Mustadrak, iii, 119, 124;
- alKhatib in Ta'rikh Baghdad, xiv, 321;
- alHaythami in Majma` alzawa'id, vii, 134, 235; 243; and
- alMuttaqi in Kanz al`ummal, vi, 157.
[15]. AlNasa'i in Khasa'is, 40,
reports this tradition on the authority of Abu Sa`id alKhudri:
Abu Sa`id alKhudri reports: "We sat waiting for the Messenger of Allah (S) when he came out to meet us. The strap of his sandal was broken and he tossed it to `Ali. Then he (S) said, 'A man amongst you will fight the people over the ta'wil (interpretation) of the Qur'an in the same way as I have fought over its tanzil (revelation).' Thereupon Abu Bakr said, 'Is that I?' The Prophet (S) said, 'No.' Then `Umar asked him, 'Is that I?' 'No.' said the Prophet (S). 'It is the mender of the sandal (i.e. `Ali).'"
Among others who have recorded this tradition in their works are:
- alHakim in Mustadrak, iii, 122;
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, iii, 33, 82;
- Abu Nu`aym in Hilyat al'awliya', i, 67;
- Ibn al'Athir in Usd alghabah, iii, 282, iv, 33;
- Ibn Hajar, al'lsabah, i, 22, iv, 152;
- Ibn `Abd alBarr, al'lsti`ab, ii, 423;
- alHaythami, Majma` alzawa'id, v, 186;
- alMuttaqi, Kanz al`ummal, vi, 155, 390, 391.
[16]. AlHakim records this
tradition of the Prophet (S) in his Mustadrak, ii, 343, iii, 150:
The parable of my ahl albayt is that of the boat of Noah, whoever gets aboard it is saved and whoever stays away from it is drowned.
Among the traditionists who have narrated it are:
- Abu Nu`aym in Hilyat al'awliya', iv, 306;
- alKhatib in Ta'rikh Baghdad, xii, 19;
- alSuyuti in alDurr almanthur (al-Matba`at alMaymaniyyah, Egypt, 1314), under verse 2:58;
- alMuttaqi in Kanz al`ummal, i, 250, vi, 216;
- alHaythami in Majma` alzawa'id, ix, 167, 168;
- alMuhibb alTabari in Dhakha'ir al`uqba, 20; alManawi in Kunuz alhaqa'iq, 132.